Lecture No 43 General Methods of Teaching Features of classrooms for students’ motivation
Some classroom features can be altered
by the teacher; others cannot. Multidimensionality and immediacy cannot be influenced readily by the teacher. Classroom is a multidimensional place. Cont…
Group processes and the classroom goal,
task, reward and participation structures are more directly under the teachers’ control. Teacher’s expectations are extrinsic. Expectations are external while personal goals are internal. Cont… Influence in classrooms does not flow just from the teacher. Studies show that students influence each other and the behavior of their teachers also. Peers can be great motivational support. Cont… Effective teachers create productive learning communities by focusing on things that can be altered, such as increasing student motivation and encouraging group development. there is a range of motivation strategies. To make productive learning communities is itself a motivational strategy. Peer tutoring is another motivational strategy. We provide the option of creativity to the students. External rewards lose their significance after sometime. Planning
Planning and making decisions about instruction
are among the most important aspects of teaching because they are major determinants of what is taught in schools and how it is taught. The traditional perspective of planning is based on rational-linear models characterized by setting goals and taking specific actions to accomplish desired outcomes. Success of instruction depends upon planning. Traditional model is being very much in use in Pakistan and other countries. Cont… The knowledge base suggests that teacher planning and decision making do not always conform to rational-linear planning models. Newer perspectives on planning put more emphasis on planners’ nonlinear actions and reflections. Linear fashion focus on goals. Nonlinear fashion focus on process. A third form of teacher planning called mental planning, is based on reflective thinking prior to the construction of more formal plans and imaging and mental rehearsal prior to presenting particular lessons. Mental process needs to be their while planning. Planning phases
Teacher planning is multifaceted but
relates to three phases of teaching: Prior to instruction During instruction And after instruction Diversity of students
Allthe students in the class have different
needs. McCarthy makes a 4MAT model on the diversity of students. This model has four parts. Meaning (Why) In meaning there are functions of connect and attend. There should be connection of current knowledge with the prior knowledge of students. In attend part we will see that what are the individual experiences of students. Cont… Concepts (What) Its functions are image and inform. In this step we will tell the students imagine what new expressions look like. In this part teacher can tell the students to brainstorm. Teacher may ask them to come up with new ideas. Then the part of giving information comes. Cont… Skills (How) Its functions are practice and extent. We know that practice is of different kinds. In this step we provide the opportunity to the students to practice the known information. For example we have told about grammar rules to the students and then we will tell them to apply and practice those rules. Extent is also a skill. Skill should be automatic. In extent teacher give the opportunity of extended practice. Extended practice leads to overlearning. Cont… Adaptation (If) Its functions are refine and problem. One a skill is achieved students should be able to relate or refine that skill to their practical life. Performance includes find connections and innovations. 4 MAT model is very much comprehensive. Problem solving skill is the function of right brain. Planning of lesson must be based on the above four points. Thank You
Getting Started with Teacher Clarity: Ready-to-Use Research Based Strategies to Develop Learning Intentions, Foster Student Autonomy, and Engage Students