A Presentation On

Sustainability and Climate Change

KUSANGI CHANDANA
18311A0125
SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
 Sustainability
• Sustainability
- development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the meets of their needs of future generations.
- Coexistance of biosphere and human civilization.
• The Three main dimensions of the sustainability paradigm.
1. Economic
2.Environmental
3.Social
• Based on the Brundtland Report, sustainability can be achieved through:
1.Physically - through the equitable supply of human and
ecological goods and services.
2.Aspirationally - through access to education, systems of justice, and
healthcare.
3.Strategically - through safeguarding the interests of generations to
come.
 IPAT EQUATION
• The IPAT equation : I = P x A x T
Where;
I = the impacts of a given course of action on the Environment
P = the relevant human population for the problem at hand
A = the level of consumption per person
T = impact per unit of consumption.
• Jevons Paradox principle-technological progress increases the
efficiency of resource utilization, and the consumption of that
resource will also increase.
• When an increase in consumption negates a portion of the
efficiency gain-“rebound”.
• over-consumption is called “backfire”.
 Sustainability

• There are two notions of sustainability:

• Strong Sustainability - where tradeoffs among natural, human, and
social capital are not allowed or are very restricted, and weak
sustainability.
• Weak Sustainability - where tradeoffs are unrestricted or have few
limits.
 Climate Change
• The atmosphere is vast: it extends over 600 km (370 miles) above
the ground, and it weighs over five quadrillion tons (that's a five
followed by 15 zeros).
• The Celsius scale is the standard international unit for
temperature.
• water freezes at 0ᴼC and boils at 100ᴼC. A comfortable room
might be heated to 20ᴼC.
• Weather-the short term state of the atmosphere
• -includes such conditions as wind, air pressure, precipitation,
humidity and temperature.
• Climate describes the typical, or average, atmospheric conditions.
 INSOLATION
• Insolation:This difference in insolation, which is the measure of the
amount of solar radiation falling on a surface, is a very important
factor in determining the climate of the Earth.
• The average temperature of the Earth is about 15٥C.
• Insolation is the effect of incidence angle on sunlight intensity.
• The same amount of sunlight is spread.
out over twice the area when it
strikes the surface at a 30-degree
angle.
 INSOLATION
• Differences in insolation can also explain why we have various
seasons.
• The Earth has its axis tilted at 23ᴼ compared to its orbit, each
hemisphere alternates between directly facing the Sun and
obliquely facing the Sun.
• Latitude is important in determining the amount of insolation.
 Reflectivity of Earth's Surface
• The Earth's energy balance is determined by the insolation and the
characteristics of the Earth's surface and atmosphere that act to
reflect, circulate and re-radiate this energy.

Tilled soil Snow Surface

• Albedo is a measure of how reflective a surface is.
• A perfectly black surface has zero albedos, while a perfectly white
surface has an albedo of 1.
 Greenhouse Effect

• Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse Effect :The way the atmosphere acts to trap light
radiation is.
• Greenhouse Gases : The gases that prevent the thermal
radiation from exiting the Earth system .
• Water vapour, Carbon Dioxide, Methane,
and Ozone.
• However, human activities are even adding
new greenhouse gases,
such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
• The current average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is
about 390 parts per million (PPM).
• The Arctic and Antarctic are the regions experiencing the most
rapid changes due to the recent warming of the earth's
atmosphere.
• A cryosphere is the part of the Earth that is occupied by sea ice,
lake ice, ice caps and permafrost.
• The global warming of approximately 1ᴼC over the past 200 years
was human induced through an enhancement of the natural
greenhouse effect.
• Climate scientists do not use weather forecast models to forecast
climate conditions 100 years in advance.
THANK YOU