Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
of
à
(Liquefied Natural Gas)
à
à
ë COMPOSITION: ë APPEARANCE:
± 90% Methane ± Clear liquid, Vapors
± 8% Ethane form a white cloud in
± 2% Propane, Butane, moist air.
& Nitrogen
ë TOXICITY:
ë BOILING POINT: ± Non-Toxic, non-
± -260o F poisonous
à
à
ë LIQUID SPECIFIC ë FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in
DENSITY (H20 = 1.0) air):
0.47 5 - 15%
ë
± If a spill has not ignited, use water spray to
direct flammable gas-air mixtures away from
ignition sources. If it is desirable to evaporate a
spill quickly, water spray may be used to
increase the rate of evaporation, Ê Ê
Ê
. Do not
discharge solid water streams into an LNG
spill.
Emergency Response
ë If LNG has ignited, use water to keep fire-exposed
containers and equipment cool and to protect personnel if
an effort is to be made to stop the source of the leak. High
expansion foam may be used to reduce the rate of burning
of relatively small spills.
Emergency Response
ë Because of danger of reignition, liquefied natural gas fires
normally should not be extinguished until the supply of gas
has been shut off. If it is necessary to extinguish the fire,
dry chemical is the preferred extinguishing agent.
à
Trunkline LNG Company
8100 Big Lake Road, Lake Charles, LA 70605-0300
à
Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled: Eliminate all potential sources of ignition.
Evacuate all non-essential personnel to an area upwind. Stop source of release, being careful not to
generate a spark. Ventilate enclosed areas to prevent formation of flammable or oxygen-deficient
atmospheres. Water spray may be used to reduce vapors. Closed systems form white frost at the point
of leak. Liquid spills will vaporize forming cold dense vapor clouds that do not readily disperse.
Avoid vapor cloud even with proper respiratory equipment.
Waste Disposal Method: Releases are expected to cause only localized non-persistent
environmental damage.
Handling and Storage Precautions: Ground and electrically interconnect containers for transfer. Use
spark proof tools. No smoking in areas or use or storage. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of
vapors or contact with skin. Avoid contact with eyes. Eye wash stations and safety showers should be
available in areas of use. Store in well ventilated, fireproof area, away from sources of heat, open
flame, ignition and oxidizing agents. Protect against damaging valves on containers.
à
Respiratory Protection: For gas concentrations at or above the LFL, use only NIOSH/MSHA
approved, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Ventilation: Use in well ventilated area. Equipment must be explosion proof. Use away from all
ignition sources.
Skin Protection: Thermally protective gloves must be worn when handling liquid.
Eye Protection: Chemical type goggles or full face shield should be worn if contact with
liquid is possible.
Other Protective Equipment Splash resistant protective clothing should be worn when
handling liquid.
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air at once. Restore and/or support breathing as required. Keep
victim warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
Skin Contact: Promptly flush affected area with tepid water. If freeze burns have occurred,
apply bulky, dry, sterile bandage to protect area. Get medical attention.
Eye Contact: Vapors are not expected to present an eye irritant hazard. If contacted by
liquid, immediately flush the eye(s) gently with warm water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical
attention if pain or redness persists.
Ingestion: None considered necessary.
Information given herein is offered in good faith as accurate, but without guarantee. Conditions of use and
suitability of the particular uses are beyond our control; all risks of use of the product are therefore assumed
by the user and we expressly disclaim all warranties of every kind and nature, including warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose in respect to the use of suitability of the product. Nothing
is intended as a recommendation for uses which infringe valid patents or as extending license under valid
patents. Appropriate warnings and safe handling procedures should be provided to handlers and users.
FIRST AID FOR
CRYOGENIC/FREEZE BURNS
ë Personnel involved in the handling and transportation of
LNG should be particularly aware of the hazard of
cryogenic burns. A cryogenic burn, although easily
produced by direct contact with the liquid, can also occur
due to contact with cold vapor or an un-insulated piece of
equipment carrying LNG. The rate at which heat is
transferred from exposed skin to a cold vapor is
substantially less than the rate at which heat is transferred
to a cold object or liquid. The severity of a cryogenic or
freeze burn depends upon the duration of contact, the
amount of skin exposed and the rate of heat transfer.
FIRST AID FOR
CRYOGENIC/FREEZE BURNS
ë The term cryogenic burn, while a misnomer, is derived from the
sensation experienced when materials at cryogenic temperatures
contact the skin. Since the nerve endings in the skin cannot
differentiate between temperature extremes, the sensations are similar.
Although the tissue responds differently, the treatment is basically the
same: restoration of normal 370C (98.60F) temperature and protection
of injured tissue from infection and further damage. Unlike the effects
from exposure to heat, freezing of the flesh causes embrittlement of the
affected area due to its water content. If the skin has surface moisture
on it, contact with a cold object may result in the skin adhering to the
cold object. Flesh may be torn when the victim tries to remove the
affected area from the cold surface.
FIRST AID FOR
CRYOGENIC/FREEZE BURNS
ë Permanent tissue damage due to frostbite can result if the
skin temperature is reduced to below 00C (320F) for a
prolonged period. As the body temperatures fall, the
ability to perform both physical and mental tasks
decreases. Cardiac disturbances occur when the body
temperature drops to 270C (810F). Death will result if the
body is further cooled.
TREATMENT OF CRYOGENIC
BURNS