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Acid and alkaline

Acid and alkali will show their propertiesin the
presence of water

In the presence of water

a) acid will change the colour of

litmus paper from blue to red

b) alkali will change the colour of

litmus paper from red to blue

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 Acid
Acid are chemical substances that
produces hydrogen ions, when dissolves
in water.

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 The properties of acid
1. Taste sour
2. Corrosive
3. Have pH value smaller than 7.
4. Change the colour of litmus paper
from blue to red.
5. React with metals to produce
hydrogen gas.

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Sources of acids

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 The properties of acid
6. React with reactive metal
(magnesium/aluminium) to form salt
and release hydrogen
7. React with alkali to form salt and
water (neutralisation process).

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m
 Alkaline
• Alkali is a hydroxide or metal oxide
that dissolves in water.
• Examples of alkali:

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 The properties of alkali
1. Taste bitter
2. Corrosive
3. Have pH value greater than 7
4. Feel slippery like soap when touched
5. Change the colour of litmus paper
from red to blue.
6. Does not react with metal.

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Acidic and alkaline substances
The characteristics of different substances can be
determined by using suitable pH indicators:
• Litmus paper
• Universal indicator
• Methyl orange
• Phenolphthalein
Colours change of various indicator
indicator acid Neutral alkali
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless Pink
Universal indicator red Green Blue
Methyl orange red Yellow Yellow
Blue litmus paper red Blue Blue
Red litmus paper red Red Blue
Universal indicator
Methyl orange.
Strength of acid and alkali
• The higher the pH value, the higher the strength of
the alkali.
• The lower the pH value, the higher the strength of
the acid.
Uses of acid in daily life
Acid Uses
Sulphuric acid Making fertilizers , car batteries
Acetic acid Used in making vinegar
Tartaric acid To make cakes, soft drink and
health salt
Formic acid To coagulate latex
Citric acid Used in making fruit juices
Benzoic acid As food preservative
Ascorbic acid To make vitamin C pills
Hydrochloric acid As a cleaning agent
Uses of alkali in daily life
Alkali Uses
Sodium hydroxide In making soap
Calcium hydroxide In making cement
Ammonia Produce fertilisers
Magnesium hydroxide To make antacid medicine and
toothpaste
Potassium hydroxide To making liquid soap
To make cloth colouring
Absorbs acidic gas
 Neutralisation
• Neutralisation is the reaction between
acid and alkali produces salt and water.

acid + alkali  salt + water

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 Titration
• Titration is a method used for
neutralisation.
• At the neutralisation point, all the acid
completely reacts with the alkali and the
solution has a pH value of 7

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 The type of salt produced from the neutralisation process depends on the
types of acid and alkali that react

• Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrochloride  sodium chloride + water

• Sulphuric acid + potassium hydrochloride  potassium sulphate + water
• Nitric acid + calcium hydrochloride  calcium nitrate + water
• Nitric acid + sodium hydrochloride  sodium nitrate + water

• Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  ________________________

• Sulphuric acid + calcium hydroxide  ___________________________
• Nitric acid + ammonium hydroxide ____________________________
• Carbonic acid + potassium hydroxide  __________________________
Application of neutralisation in daily life