PSYCHOLOGY OF

MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

TOURISM
TYPES OF TOURIST
 PLOG’S MODEL
PSYCHOCENTRIC
• Non adventurous
• Prefer the familiar travel
• Non risk takers
• Passive type of travel
 ALLOCENTRIC
• Try new products
• Adventurous
• Prefer the off beaten tracks
• Self confident
 MIDCENTRIC
• Dwell between allocentric and
psychocentric
• Most Tourist belong to this category
 COHEN’S MODEL
ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
• Prefer tours
• Prefer the familiar environment
 INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST

• Tourist has some control over his/her itinerary

and time allocations
• Remains with environmental bubble home
country
 EXPLORER

• Usually plan his/her own trip

• Avoids developed tourist attractions
• Mixes with local but still protected by
environmental bubble
 DRIFTER

• Plan his/her own trip

• Avoids tourist attractions and lives with locals
• Mixes with local but still protected by
environmental bubble
• Immerses in the host culture
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY

TOURIST – take photos, buys souvenirs, goes to

famous places
TRAVELER - take photos, stays briefly in one place,
experiments with local food and explore privately
HOLIDAYMAKER- takes photos, goes to famous
places, alienates from society and buys souvenirs
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY

JETSETTER- lives a life of luxury, is concerned with

social status, seeks sensual pleasures, and prefer
interacting with people of his/her own kind
BUSINESS PERSON- is concerned with social status,
contributes to the local economy
MIGRANT- has language problems, prefers interacting
with people of his/her own kind
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY

CONSERVATIONIST- interested with environment ,

does not buy souvenirs explore privately and explore
privately
EXPLORER- explores privately, interested with
environment , takes physical risk and does not buy
souvenirs
MISSIONARY- Keenly observe the visited society
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY

OVERSEAS STUDENT- experiments with the local food,

explores privately, interested with environment and takes
physical risk
ANTHROPOLOGIST- takes photo, interested with
environment , does not buy souvenirs explore privately and
explore privately
HIPPIE- does not take photos, does not buy souvenirs and
does not contribute to the society
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY

INTERNATIONAL ATHLETE-does not understand

the local people, explores privately
OVERSEAS JOURNALIST-explores privately,
interested with environment , takes physical risk and
does not buy souvenirs
Keenly observe the visited society
RELIGIOUS PILGRIM- Searching for the meaning
of life
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
 PLEASURE/VACATION
To have HOLIDAY
To RELAX and ENJOY
To have FUN
 BUSINESS / PROFESSIONAL
Usually representative of companies,
institutions, schools or organization to attend
seminar, convention meeting or event.
 VISITING FRIENDS or RELATIVES

Socializing, dining in and dining out, home

entertainment
MOTIVATION AND DESIRE TO
TRAVEL
ABRAHAM MASLOW
(1943, 1954) stated that
people are motivated to
achieve certain needs and that
some needs take precedence
over others. Our most basic
need is for physical survival,
and this will be the first thing
that motivates our behavior.
Once that level is fulfilled the
next level up is what
motivates us, and so on.
MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
• Tourism Suppliers will address and
anticipate the tourist want and desire
• Businesses can plan the services and
amenities that will be more attractive and
will provide comfort to tourist
• Businesses industry will reassure the
safety of clients.
• Establishments will inform their clients
that safety and security is one of their
utmost concern
Industry can offer to clients to visits those
destination which promotes a particular
hobby or sport that will bring the together
and to share same interest at the same time
This form of human need is widely
addressed in the tourism industry
Rewarded by an incentive tour as
recognition to his/her valuable contribution
to the company.
This level drives or compels the person to
travel in order to achieve his/her ultimate
desire or to fulfill his/her dream.
DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO
TOURISM
INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH
• Looks at the business side of tourism industry
and analyzes the risk factors and operational
method of the different entities
 HISTORICAL APPROACH
• Focuses on the historical growth or decline of
activities and institutions
• Observe the industry as its starts and evolves
through time
 MANAGERIAL APPROACH
• Studies the industry focusing on management
activities such as planning, research,
advertising, pricing, control, and other aspects
essential in operating tourism-related
businesses.
 ECONOMIC APPROACH
• The focus is on tourism’s contribution to the
country’s economic development and finances.
 SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
• Analyzes the impact of tourism to the
community based behavior, habits traditions,
and customs.
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES
• It is a fusion of different fields that cross and
are brought together in order to bring about a
phenomenon.
• Disciplines including arts, sciences,
technology, medicine, culture, music and even
politics affect the tourism industry.
 SYSTEM APPROACH
• Rationalizes and simplifies complex ideas and
presents them in an organized and synthesized
manner
GEOGRAPHICAL/DEMOGRAPHICA
L APPROACH
• Involve the subject educational attainment,
social status, general age grouping, and
population size.
 PRODUCT APPROACH
• Focus on the product of tourism, its
component as well as it compatibility to the
tourist preferences