C) Alloys

Learning Outcomes
 relate the arrangement of atoms in
metals to their ductile and malleable
properties.
 state the meaning of alloy
 state the aims of making alloys
 list examples of alloys
 list the composition and properties of
alloys.
 relate the properties of alloys to their
uses
 relate the arrangement of atoms in
alloys to their strength and hardness
 Arrangement of
atoms in metals
• Ductile : (technical) (of a metal) that can be made
into a thin wire

(technical) (of metal, etc.) that can be hit or

• Malleable : pressed into different shapes easily without
breaking or cracking

Most of pure metals are weak and soft. So that why

we needs alloys !!!
What are alloys ?

• A mixture of 2 or more elements

with a certain fixed composition
in which the major component
is a metal.
Aim of making alloys :

• Strong
• Harder
• Resistant to corrosion
• Have a better furnish & lustre
 The composition, properties & uses of
some alloys :
Alloy Composition Properties Uses
Bronze 90 % Cu Hard & Strong Building of statues or monuments
10 % Pb Do not corrode Medals, swords & artistic materials
easily
Shiny surface
Brass 70 % Cu Harder than copper Musical instrument & kitchenware
30 % Zn
Stell 99 % Fe Hard & Strong Constraction of building & bridges
1%C Body cars & railway tracks
Stainless 74 % Fe Shiny Making cutlery
stell 8%C Strong Making surgical instrument
18 % Cr Does not rust

Duralumin 93 % Al Light Body of aeroplanes and bullet trains

3 % Cu Strong
3 % Mg
1 % Mn
Pewter 96 % Pb Lustre (the shining quality souvenirs
of a surface)
3 % Cu
1 % Sn Shiny
Stong
The arrangement of atoms in
alloys

Pure Metal A Pure Metal B

Alloy
PtNi alloy (bulk composition 25% Pt, 75% Ni;
surface approx. 50% of each)
 pewter

Bronze

Brass
Stainless steel

duralmin
steel