Asia Pacific District Cooling Forum

2012

26th –28th September 2012 – Prince Hotel , Kuala Lumpur

The Golden days of Natural Gas -

How can District Energy & Tri-Generation in Asia Pacific
Benefit from unprecedented low NG & LNG Pricing?

Presented by George Berbari

 The World had a higher appetite for Coal in recent years in
particular China
Table: Total Coal Consumption (Thousand Short Tons)

Country 1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

North America 749,074.2 966,992.0 1,168,906.7 1,212,196.0 1,200,107.8 1,068,535.9 1,120,560.5 NA
Central & South America 19,422.2 26,507.7 36,608.0 42,582.6 45,543.3 41,372.8 49,738.8 NA
Europe 1,411,973.3 1,482,448.8 1,040,118.0 1,077,766.2 1,028,883.1 964,112.4 957,420.2 NA

Africa 113,251.7 152,282.5 189,055.7 216,893.0 228,666.8 217,218.2 217,208.2 NA

Asia & Oceania 1,078,386.5 1,781,263.6 2,198,084.5 4,034,329.1 4,368,688.6 4,637,251.6 5,195,176.7 NA
Australia 73,439.3 103,720.9 140,919.5 148,481.3 147,893.8 149,504.3 145,155.7 142,516.5
Bangladesh 259.0 620.6 727.5 988.8 1,385.6 1,385.6 1,984.2 2,105.2
China 678,511.2 1,124,129.4 1,239,406.9 2,708,552.1 2,966,478.6 3,188,139.1 3,695,377.6 4,053,829.2
Hong Kong 30.5 10,378.3 6,678.3 13,515.9 12,505.7 13,593.0 11,380.3 13,809.9
India 122,928.7 247,863.5 403,408.5 587,255.3 640,524.5 705,204.8 721,986.4 788,409.1
Indonesia 645.6 7,199.0 22,509.2 66,077.0 71,497.0 71,029.6 54,228.2 57,861.5
Japan 97,571.1 126,610.4 168,798.0 207,580.7 203,803.0 181,405.2 205,983.4 202,016.3
Korea, North 49,335.0 53,674.8 32,708.9 29,712.8 33,164.1 31,899.8 30,349.9 NA
Korea, South 30,765.5 49,773.8 71,057.2 98,225.9 110,522.1 114,149.9 125,575.3 131,253.6
Malaysia 88.2 2,502.2 3,634.3 13,295.3 13,897.4 20,482.4 21,322.0 23,283.6
Mongolia 5,513.4 7,335.9 5,744.1 6,682.2 6,613.9 7,392.1 9,495.3 9,704.2
New Zealand 2,530.3 2,435.3 2,398.2 3,436.4 4,159.5 3,261.0 3,513.6 3,580.4
Pakistan 2,180.8 4,024.9 4,458.8 11,145.5 9,249.5 8,971.7 11,588.6 10,904.9
Philippines 707.7 2,730.4 9,551.5 11,503.7 13,124.1 11,213.8 18,193.6 19,467.2
Singapore 5.5 37.5 0.1 13.2 6.6 6.6 390.2 NA
Taiwan 6,589.2 18,935.6 51,956.9 72,267.5 69,396.0 66,097.5 71,375.0 75,603.3
Thailand 1,620.3 14,227.9 24,173.7 35,535.4 38,282.7 36,792.9 38,948.0 35,286.9

World Coal Consumption 4,124,516 5,263,529 5,042,356 7,014,934 7,327,554 7,318,283 7,994,703 NA

Consumption increase - % Base 128% 122% 170% 178% 177% 194%

2
Equivalent Avg. Million Oil Barrel /
42.4 54.2 51.9 72.2 75.4 75.3 82.3
Day
 The World is switching to Natural Gas (The Golden Age)
World Dry Natural Gas Consumption (Billion Cubic Feet)
Country 1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

North America 22,558.7 22,469.6 27,722.5 28,545.4 28,813.4 28,156.5 28,845.2 NA

Central & South America 1,240.9 2,023.6 3,303.7 4,376.6 4,650.7 4,362.0 4,854.0 NA

Europe 11,193.1 13,360.4 17,394.4 20,057.2 20,455.5 19,380.2 20,637.6 NA

Africa 735.0 1,351.0 2,038.0 3,079.1 3,615.9 3,384.0 3,553.6 NA

Asia & Oceania 2,576.5 5,865.2 10,517.3 16,734.1 17,542.8 18,405.4 20,465.9 NA

Australia 321.8 625.0 797.0 1,063.4 1,121.5 1,107.1 1,141.5 973.5

Bangladesh 50.0 162.0 342.6 574.6 632.1 692.2 710.9 NA
China 505.0 494.4 902.4 2,490.1 2,725.6 3,125.3 3,768.5 4,623.5
Hong Kong 0.0 13.6 95.3 95.0 118.7 113.3 142.0 112.8
India 51.0 399.0 794.6 1,460.6 1,518.2 1,882.6 2,277.5 2,157.7
Indonesia 248.3 629.7 957.7 1,223.7 1,200.0 1,344.4 1,460.3 NA
Japan 903.0 2,028.1 2,913.9 3,748.1 3,653.5 3,650.0 3,718.1 3,976.0
Korea, South 0.0 107.0 668.6 1,230.8 1,265.4 1,215.3 1,514.6 1,621.0
Malaysia 56.0 315.0 819.7 856.4 1,122.7 1,099.7 1,144.9 NA
New Zealand 39.4 169.0 212.3 159.7 148.7 144.2 147.2 151.1
Pakistan 286.1 482.0 855.7 1,299.6 1,342.0 1,367.0 1,399.5 NA
Philippines 0.0 0.0 0.4 102.4 103.8 111.2 101.0 NA
Singapore 0.0 0.0 53.0 271.2 323.8 284.6 296.6 NA
Taiwan 43.0 80.0 242.6 403.5 412.1 427.3 535.4 NA
Thailand 0.0 208.0 704.5 1,250.2 1,317.6 1,383.3 1,592.0 NA
Vietnam 0.0 1.4 40.6 208.4 246.5 250.4 289.9 NA

World Gas Consumption

3 52,943.3 73,629.4 87,259.3 106,107.4 109,711.3 105,295.3 112,606.7 NA
(Billion ft / Year)
Consumption increase - % Base 139% 165% 200% 207% 199% 213%
3
Equivalent Avg. Million Oil 26.1 36.3 43.0 52.3 54.1 51.9 55.5
Barrel / Day
 World Oil Consumption (Thousand Barrels Per Day)
1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2009
North America 20,207.5 20,319.3 23,818.7 25,145.8 23,900.4 23,009.5
Central & South America 3,613.4 3,760.6 5,213.0 5,918.1 6,098.3 6,115.9
Europe 16,056.4 14,694.7 15,913.3 16,245.9 16,141.1 15,412.5
Eurasia 8,995.0 8,392.0 3,721.3 4,093.6 4,214.8 4,320.2
Middle East 2,044.5 3,469.4 4,787.8 6,257.8 6,546.6 6,906.6
Africa 1,474.2 2,070.7 2,499.4 3,121.2 3,189.2 3,271.1
Asia & Oceania 10,728.8 13,817.9 20,826.9 25,022.8 25,346.0 25,648.7
Australia 594.0 738.0 872.4 951.5 963.7 951.2
Bangladesh 31.7 36.0 68.8 90.8 94.1 96.0
China 1,765.0 2,296.4 4,795.7 7,534.1 7,948.3 8,537.9
Hong Kong 124.0 127.4 244.9 327.5 306.0 299.8
India 643.0 1,168.3 2,127.4 2,800.8 2,907.6 3,008.0
Indonesia 408.0 651.1 1,036.7 1,226.9 1,290.0 1,330.0
Japan 4,960.0 5,315.0 5,515.4 5,037.1 4,788.4 4,393.8
Korea, South 537.0 1,048.0 2,135.3 2,240.5 2,142.3 2,188.3
Malaysia 160.0 266.0 465.0 544.9 536.0 525.3
Mongolia 12.0 15.8 8.5 15.4 18.2 17.0
New Zealand 91.0 107.0 133.9 156.0 157.3 151.9
Pakistan 104.0 220.1 365.0 382.3 389.8 397.0
Philippines 225.0 235.8 352.8 314.3 300.2 313.0
Singapore 202.0 363.0 660.3 889.6 1,006.5 953.0
Taiwan 380.0 541.5 865.3 952.5 921.3 920.7
Thailand 224.0 406.5 724.9 941.3 933.0 913.5
Vietnam 24.0 53.0 175.7 277.2 292.8 298.0
World Oil Cosumption 63,120 66,525 76,780 85,805 85,436 84,684
Consumption increase - % Base 105% 122% 136% 135% 134%

World NG Consumption - Equiv. 000' Barrels per Day 26,109 36,310 43,032 52,327 54,104 51,926
World Coal Consumption - Equiv. 000' Barrels per Day 42,434 54,152 51,877 72,171 75,387 75,292
World Fossil Fuel Consumption - Equiv. 000' Barrels per Day 131,663 156,987 171,689 210,303 214,927 211,903
Consumption increase - % Base 119% 130% 160% 163% 161%
World Poulation '000 4,429,067 5,279,047 6,092,737 6,630,024 6,707,830 6,785,808 4
Population increase - % Base 119% 138% 150% 151% 153%
Consumption Lit. of Oil Equiv. / Capita /Day 4.7 4.7 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.0
 The World Current Energy Prices (summer 2012)
The recent drop of NG prices due to Shale Gas & the efficiency &
cleaner combustion is making it the fuel of choice…

Fuel Unit US $ / Unit Equiv. US $ / MM BTU

Petroleum Oil Barrel 90 15.52

Coal Metric Ton 103 4.29

Natural Gas MM BTU 2.75 2.75

Diesel Fuel ‘000 Lit 800 22.16

5
Malaysian Natural Gas Production & Consumption

6
 Malaysian Oil Production & Consumption

000’ Barrels /
Day

7
Year
 Malaysian Coal Production & Consumption

000’ Short Ton / Year

Import

Year

8
 Why is it so important to conserve the Malaysian & Oil &
Gas National wealth?

 With the expected increase in world oil and Gas consumption the world
demand will increase and Malaysia will play a vital role as an exporter as
well as meeting its growing domestic demand.

 Malaysia produced an average of 553,960 BPD of Oil and exported a mere

30,050 BPD in 2010. Production value at US $ 44.3 Billion (or 18.1% of GDP)
& Export value of US $ 0.878 Billion (at US $ 80 / barrel).

 Malaysia produced an average of 2,200 Billion ft 3 of Natural Gas and

exported 1,055 Billion ft3 in 2010. Production value at US $ 6.6 Billion (or
2.7% of GDP) & Export value of US $ 3.17 Billion (at US $ 3 / MMBH).

 Malaysia produced an average of 2,644,500 short ton of coal and imported

18,677,600 short ton in 2010. Production value at US $ 0.163 Billion (or 0.07%
of GDP) & Import value of US $ 1.158 Billion (at US $ 62 / Short Ton).

 Net Export value US$ 2.89 Billion for oil, NG & Coal or 1.4% out of the 204.4
Billion total country exports in 2010.

9
 Malaysia Electric Sector 1980 to 2009

• 10 Folds increase in generated

electric power in 30 years.
• Produced Electric Energy
Increased by 67% from 63 GWh
in 2000 to approximately 105 GWh
in 2009.
• A further annual increase trend
of 5 to 7% is expected in the
coming decade.

10
Malaysia Electric Sector Production & Consumption 2009
(Buildings responsible for 51.5% of Total Consumption)

11
TNB Typical Electric Load profile

12
 Malaysia Generation Plant Efficiency & Reliability
Average Generation Efficiency = 36%

Malaysia Generation Plant Performance - (2009)

Unplanned
Efficiency Availability
Generation Plant Type Outage
TNB IPP TNB IPP

Combined Cycle 41.0% 44.3% 93.2% 91.2% 3.31%

Open Cycle 17.4% 27.4% 97.3% 98.4% 0.61%

Coal - 34.7% - 78.0% 12.40%

Oil / Gas Generating Plant 31.9% - 99.3% 83.3% 11.85%

Hydro 95.3%

13
 Is Tri – Generation Feasible to Malaysia ?

• Malaysia is a producer of Natural Gas and has invested in world class Natural
Gas network covering most of the country.
• Natural Gas can be used with simple cycle Gas Turbine and Combine Cycle
Gas Turbine as well as Fuel Cells, Gas Engines, small & Micro turbines with
Heat recovery.
• Fuel efficiencies of higher than 70% is possible with Tri-Generation compared to
national average efficiency of 36% and with network losses and generation plant
own use drop it to 34%.
• Domestic hot water utilize up to 15% of hotel and residential buildings energy &
is the simplest way to utilize recovered heat.
• Single effect absorption and adsorption chillers have low conversion rate of heat
to cooling energy COP = 0.7.
• Double effect absorption chillers need steam or pressurized hot water at 180OC
and have COP=1.3.
• Triple Effect absorption chillers have COP=1.75 and small steam turbine 14
generators have electric efficiency of > 70% that are in early application stages.
 What is the current District cooling & combined cooling,
heating & power (CCHP) or Tri-Generation in Malaysia
Malaysia District Cooling & CCHP Systems
District Cooling Scheme Location Capacity Technology Type Owner Remarks
Ton

13,000 Ton Phase 1 & 15,000

Electric Centrifugal Chillers with encapsulated ice
Cyberjaya 50 Km south of Kuala Lumpur 28,000 Cyberview & Cofely of GDF Suez Ton Phase 2 planned to reach
storage.
100,000 ton by year 2022.

Kuala Lumpur City Centre KLCC Gas Turbine power Generation with HR, auxiliary Gas District Cooling a subsidiary of
Serving PETRONAS Towers 30,000
DCC1&2 boilers and Steam Driven Centrifugal Chillers PETRONAS

Electric Centrifugal Chillers + Direct Fired Double

Putrajaya District 23 Km south Gas District Cooling a subsidiary of
Putrajaya Precinct 1 & 2 27,000 Effect Absorption Chillers + Steam Driven
of Kuala Lumpur PETRONAS
Turbine chillers & Thermal Storage.

2x1,200 Ton Electric water Chillers+5x995 Brine

Bangsar District Cooling Bangsar 5 Km SE of KLCC. 11,373 Water Chiller + Cristopia Ice Balls Thermal
Storage+ 15 Km stainless steel piping.

Gas Turbine power Generation with HR, auxiliary

Gas District Cooling a subsidiary of
Kuala Lumpur Int'l Airport KLIA 35,000 boilers and Steam double effect absorption
PETRONAS
chillers

Total 131,373

2009 Expected Peak Electric Load related to Air Conditioning is around 6,000 MW with expected
peak air conditioning Load of around 4,300,000 Ton.

District cooling penetration rate is around 3%. Is that sufficient?! 15

 Is Tri – Generation Feasible to Malaysia? (Cont’d)

Cogeneration Feasability
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Utilities Cost as of July 2012

Cost ( MR/
Remarks
Utility Unit Cost ( MR) Million BTU)
Average Commercial rate for 25.9 MR
/ KW monthly demand charge, 31.2 Sen
Electricity KWHr 0.322 94.37 / kwh during peak hours (8:00 am to
10:00 p.m) and 19.2 Sen /kwh during
offpeak hours.

3
Potable Water m 0.650 Subsidized by Gov't

Diesel Lit 2.275 65.00

Industrial & Large Commercial Rate
Natural Gas (NG)
mmBTU 14.61 Category D.
16
 Is Tri – Generation Feasible to Malaysia? (Cont’d)

Tri-Generation - Combined Heat for heating & Cooling & Power

Electric Power
Generation Fuel Cost without Jacket + Exhaust Heat Heat Recovered Cooling Energy Fuel Cost with
Saved
Kw per KW of Produced from Produced from
HHV Efficiency Heat Recovery MR / Recovery Efficiency Absorption Heat Recovery MR
generated Recovered Heat in Recovered Heat in
% kwh % COP / kwh
electricity Ton-Hr kwh

NG Recprocating Engine
Generator with HR of Jacket and
exhaust in series to power single
34.40% 0.161 36.00% 1.047 0.7 0.208 0.125 0.143
effect absorption chillers

NG Recprocating Engine
Generator with HR of Jacket and
exhaust in parallel to power 34.40% 0.161 17.00% 0.494 0.7 0.098 0.059 0.136
single effect and double effect
absorption chillers respectively
19.00% 0.552 1.3 0.204 0.122

0.303 0.182

Gas Turbine With Steam Heat

Recovery used with Steam Driven 29.68% 0.187 42.00% 1.415 1.3 0.523 0.314 0.142
Centrifugal Chiller

17
 Is Tri – Generation Feasible to Malaysia? (Cont’d)
Cooling Energy Optimization
Absorption
Air Cooled DX Water Cooled Absorption Chiller -
Unit Air Cooled Chiller Chiller - NG Engine Generator + HR + DE+SE Abs.
w Hot WaterHR Chiller NG Gas
Diesel

78.0% 22.0% 100.0%

Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton
Electric Chillers Absorption Chillers Total Plant
Electric Power
Compressor KW / Ton 1.35 1.300 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.000 0.468
Condenser or Cooling Tower Fan KW / Ton 0.15 0.120 0.035 0.045 0.045 0.035 0.050 0.038
Cooling Circuit Pump KW / Ton 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.100 0.077
Primary Chilled water Pump KW / Ton 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030
Secondary Chilled water Pump KW / Ton 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.070 0.070
Total Power KW / Ton 1.500 1.520 0.805 0.245 0.245 0.805 0.015 0.683

Water Consumption Lit/Ton-Hr 0 0 8 12 12 8 12.500 8.990

Fuel Consumption
LPG Gas BTU / Ton-Hr 0 0 0 11,111 0
Diesel Fuel BTU / Ton-Hr 0 0 0 0 11,111 0 0 0

Air Cooled DX Absorption NG Engine NG Engine

Water Cooled Absorption Chiller -
Unit w Hot Water Air Cooled Chiller Chiller - Generator + HR + Generator + HR +
Chiller NG
HR Diesel DE Abs. DE+SE Abs.
MR / Ton-Hr MR / Ton-Hr MR / Ton-Hr MR / Ton-Hr MR / Ton-Hr US$ / Ton-Hr US$ / Ton-Hr

Electric Power
Total Power MR / Ton-Hr 0.4830 0.4894 0.2592 0.0789 0.0789 0.1695 0.1614

CT Water Consumption MR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0052 0.0078 0.0078 0.0061 0.0058

CT Water Chemical MR / Ton-Hr 0.0010 0.0030 0.0045 0.0045 0.0035 0.0033

Fuel Consumption
Natural Gas MR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0000 0.1623 0.0000
Diesel Fuel MR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7222 From Heat Recovery From Heat Recovery

Total MR / Ton-Hr 0.4830 0.4904 0.2674 0.2535 0.8134 0.1791 18

0.1706
Total US$ / Ton-Hr 0.1532 0.1555 0.0848 0.0804 0.2580 0.0568 0.0541
 What about the low hanging fruit?
50% Coverage via Tri-generation & District Energy

• What would 50% District Energy utilizing Tri-generation saves for Malaysia by
year 2022?
• 4.0 million Ton out of total 8.0 Million Ton of cooling in year 2022 (at
annual increase of 5%).
• 5,200 MW of Reduced Peak Power Demand.
• Heat recovery for SE & DE absorption chillers in series with electric
chillers and thermal storage powered by tri-generation power with the
world highest COP > 2.5.
• Thermal Storage that will work as load leveling or peak shaving cutting 20
to 25% of peak load.
• Use of treated sewage effluent, grey water or lightly treated water as make
up for cooling towers. (Singapore utilize Nuwater)

19
 Malaysia Electric Profile 2009 to 2022 - Business as usual
50% of Malaysia Traditional
50% of Malaysia by Traditional A/C 50% of A/C &
2,009 Domestic Hot Water by Primary Energy - MMBH
(2009) DHW (2009)
Electric Heat (2009)
Cooling Power Power Annual Electric Annual Electric Annual Electric 33.0% 2.1% 64.8% 100.0%
Description Capacity demand Demand Energy Energy1 Energy Coal Oil NG Total
Ton KW / Ton KW kwh / Year kwh / Year kwh / Year MMBH/Yr MMBH/Yr MMBH/Yr MMBH/Yr

Actual Peak cooling

2,150,000 1.50 3,225,000 14,512,500,000 1,728,645,000 16,241,145,000 52,731,910 3,712,231 94,809,003 151,253,144
Capacity - Ton
Value of Energy US $ /
4.29 22.16 2.75 3.76
MMBH
226 82.3 261 569
Energy Value - Million US $

50% of Malaysia Traditional

50% of Malaysia by Traditional A/C 50% of A/C &
2,022 Domestic Hot Water by Primary Energy - MMBH
(2022) DHW (2022)
Electric Heat (2022)
Coal Oil NG Total
Actual Peak cooling
4,054,146 1.50 6,081,218 27,365,483,178 3,259,617,962 30,625,101,140 99,433,881 6,999,966 178,776,516 285,210,362
Capacity - Ton2
Value of Energy US $ /
8.09 41.79 5.19 7.10
MMBH
804 292.5 927 2,024
Energy Value - Million US $

Malaysia Electric Profile - 50% of residential & commercial buildings covered by Tri-Generation
50% of Malaysia Traditional
50% of Malaysia by Tri-Generation 50% of A/C &
2,022 Domestic Hot Water by Heat Primary Energy - MMBH
(2022) DHW (2022)
Recovery (2022)
Coal Oil NG Total
Actual Peak cooling
4,054,146 0.68 2,768,981 12,460,416,674 Free From HR 12,460,416,674 110,142,336 110,142,336
Capacity - Ton2
Value of Energy US $ /
5.19 5.19
MMBH
571 571
Energy Value - Million US $
Oeq BPD MMBH / Yr US $ Million/Yr
Reduction - 82,696.3 175,068,026 1,453
Reduction - % 61.4% 72%
Notes: 1- Domestic hot water is taken as 12% of residential buildings & 3% of commercial Buildings. 2- Energy use and price are taken at 5% annual increase. 20
 50% Coverage via Tri-generation & District Energy
Will reduce consumption by a US $ 1.45 Billion and energy of oil
equivalent 82,700 BPD by year 2022

Cost Million US$

• What about National Public & Private Capital Investments by 2022?
• Traditional A/C for 4.15 Million Ton actual Peak, and 6 Million
7,400
Ton of installed capacity is required.
• Traditional Heating & water Heating (1,600 MW) 300
• Internal Electric Installations 10,600 MW 6,000
• Power Plants & Infrastructures 6,000 MW 12,000
• Total Traditional System Cost 25,700
• Tri-Generation & Heat Recovery Equipment with 20% spare 5,200
Capacity (3,400 MW)
• District Energy Plant with Distribution Network with 20% spare 10,000
Capacity (4,800,000 Ton)
• Internal HVAC & Hot Water Tanks Installation (4,800,000 Ton) 4,800

• Total Tri-Generation, District Energy & Thermal

20,000
storage Cost

• On top it saves Malaysia a capital investment of 5,700

21
 Is Tri-Generation difficult to implement?
Sample Project: Al Bustan Project – North of Riyadh

• 278,000 m2 of mixed use development mainly residential (380 villas+ Hotel +

School+ amenities).

• Requires 12 MW of Electric Peak demand with 17.6 MW installed and 4.8 MW

left for future expansion.

• 8,250 Ton of District Cooling with Thermal Storage expandable to 9,250 Ton.

• 2,500 m3/Day of well water from 7 on-site Wells.

• 1,400 m3/Day of Sewage Treatment plant and re-use for cooling Tower.

22
 Sewage
Al Bustan Project Site Plan– North Of Riyadh Treatment
Plant

Co-Generation
Plant
District Cooling
Plant

Well Water
Treatment
Plant

23
Al Bustan Project - Ground Floor
Chiller & Generators Hall

24
 Al Bustan Project - Roof Floor
Cooling Tower & Exhaust Heat recovery

25
26
 Al Bustan Cummins Diesel Engines Genrator Model DQKC (9x1,600 KW contineous Power Rating, 13.8 KV,60 Hz)
Heat Balance & Chilled Water System COP (8,000 Ton Chilled Water Plant + Thermal Storage)
Stanalone power generation, treated well water supply, sewage treatment & TSE water reuse for cooling tower

6 Generators w Other Chiller

Single Chillers Chillers Other Chiller
Plant Power
Exhaust HR & 7 Chillers Plant Power Total Chiller
Description Generator Chillers COP Capacity - Electric Power (Pumps & Remarks
Generators w KW / Ton (Pumps &
Fans) -
Plant KW / Ton
Performance Ton Input - KW Fans) - KW
Jacket HR KW/Ton

Input Energy (Diesel Fuel)

Diesel Flow - Lit / Hr 408
Input Energy HHV - KW fuel 4,340
Input Energy LHV - KW fuel 4,058 36,523 Maximum Consumpion with 9 Engines.
Chiller related Input Energy LHV - KW fuel 7,368 Propotion of 2,905 KW

Electric Output with HR Engine- KW 1,600 3,200

Electric Output with HR Engine- KW 1,600 11,200
Engine After cooler Pump and Cooling Towers - KW 141
Maximum Available Capacity with 9
Engine Room Ventilation - KW 548 6.12 0.575 15,969 9,182 4,529 0.284 0.859 Engines w No HR
Net vailable electric Power 13,711
Maximum Available Capacity with 9
6.12 0.575 15,104 8,685 4,284 0.284 0.859 Engines.
Gross Engine Mechanical Output - KW 1,739 6.12 0.575 5,000 2,875 1,418 0.284 0.859 Selected Chillers 5 x 1,000 Ton.

Net Electrical eff. (LHV) - % 39.4%

Net Mechanical eff. (LHV) - % 42.9%

Exhaust Air Flow- CFM 12,305

Exhaust Air Flow- Kg/Hr 11,997
Exhaust Air Temp. - OC (OF) 446 (835)
Maximum Available Capacity with 9
Total Exhaust Heat - KW 1,241 8,730 1.30 3,226.9 30 507.6 0.157 0.157 Engines.
Maximum Available Capacity with 6
Exhaust Heat Recovery (Clean) - KW 970 5,820 1.30 2,151.3 20.0 338.4 0.157 0.157 Engines.
Selected Chiller Capacity (2 x1,000
Exhaust Heat Recovery (dirty) - KW 890 2,000.0 20.0 314.6 0.157 0.157 Ton)

Maximum Available Capacity with 9

4,302 0.70 856.2 10 194.6 0.227 0.227 Engines.
Maximum Available Capacity with 7
HT Jacket HR - KW 478 3,346 0.70 666.0 11 151.4 0.227 0.227 Engines.
Maximum Available Capacity with 6
2,868 0.70 570.8 12 129.7 0.227 0.227 Engines.
LT Heat Rejection (After Cooler & Oil) - KW 468 0.70 660 10 150 0.227 0.227 Selected Chiller Capacity (1 Nos.)
Radiated Heat -KW 166
Fuel heat Rejection - KW 35

Total Engine Output Energy - KW 4,127 0.379 7,660 2,905 1,883 0.246 0.625
Selected Chilled Water System 3.66 7,660 4,788
Maximum Available Chiller Capacity 19,187 8,725 4,986 0.715
Maximum Available Chiller Capacity Total System COP 1.85 0.715 19,187 13,711
Chillers Only COP 2.90 0 Available Spare power

HR System Improvement - Ton = 3,219 Additional Capacity 27

System COP with No HR 1.54 26.5% Higher Chiller COP
Chillers Only COP with No HR 2.30 20.2% Higher System COP
 Hilton – Chad (small is beautiful…)
Utility Plant comprising Prime Electricity Generation (4 x 600 KW, out of which 2 are standby ),
Chilled water production using double effect Absorption chiller (265 ton) powered by generators’
exhaust heat recovery in addition to 2 x 350 Ton electric screw WC chillers (1 standby) , chilled
water storage tank and hot water generation using generators’ jacket heat recovery.

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 Can Tri-generation Cover an Entire City?

2nd April 2012

Lord Mayor Clover Moore
Mayor of Sydney

Announces first City Wide Low Carbon network

of Tri-Generation Plants of 360 MW to be build
by year 2030.

Sydney sign a $440 million deal with Origin Energy to set up what it says will be the
first low carbon energy network in an Australian city.

The technology involves using special power generators called tri-generation plants in
city buildings that convert natural gas or renewable energy into electricity, and which
provide heating as well as cooling.

It's hoped they'll provide 70 per cent of the city's electricity by 2030 and achieve the
twin goals of cutting emissions in half and reducing power bills.
 What are the main barriers in front of Tri-generation?

• Regulations imposing Tri-Generation in selective feasible areas or re-design utility

rates to encourage tri-generation and building efficiencies.
• The cost of the distribution network and the financing difficulty of any buried
infrastructure.
• The engineering knowhow and limited experience of consultants and contractors.
• The long term planning involving local authorities and partnership with public and
private sectors.

Tri-generation Opportunities?

• Current market size 40,000 Mw per year expected to double by year 2020.
• Low cost abundant natural gas.
• Remote location with diesel fuel as the only source of energy.
• Unprecedented US & Chinese Government backing along with many others…
 Thank you
www.dcproeng.com
Email: gberbari@dcproeng.com

Sharjah-UAE Dubai - UAE Abu Dhabi-UAE Riyadh, KSA

Tel: +971.6.5566880 +971.4.3432110 +971.2.6316782 +966.1.4603301
Fax: +971.6.5566881 +971.4.3432113 +971.2.6316783 +966.1.4603302
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