3rd Annual Middle East District

2011

Cooling Summit
November 28-30th 2011 – Grand Hayat Hotel, Doha, Qatar

Is it time for Co-generation and

Tri-generation in Qatar?
Presented by George Berbari
 Why do we have to ever consider co-generation and tri-
generation in Qatar?

 Factors Prohibiting Co & Tri-generation

 No Natural gas network or Natural Gas is available in Qatar.

 Electricity almost 100% availability and almost 100% reliability.

 Lack of local knowhow and local experience.

 Heating is not needed in winter.

 New Combined cycle LHV efficiency is close to 60%.

 Converting recovered heat into cooling energy is not a highly efficient process.

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 Why do we have to ever consider co-generation and tri-
generation in Qatar?

 Factors Encouraging Co & Tri-generation

 Qatar is the third largest Natural Gas producer and largest LNG exporter in the world.

 Electric peak power demand increased to 5,330 MW on 7 th of Aug 2011 compared to

5,090 MW on 14th of July 2010 (5% increase).

 Internal power plant auxiliary losses accounts up to 10% of generated power and
distribution losses for up to 15%.

 Indirect eclectic power subsidy via subsidized fuel reached 4.4 Billion QR or
2,600 QR / Capita.

 Co-generation and Tri-Generation can improve prime fuel utilization efficiency from a
national generation average of less than 32% to 60 – 85% range depending on
application.

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 What is Co-generation & Tri-generation?

 Co-generation and Tri-Generation is the use

of fossil fuel to produce:
 Electric power
 Heating Energy
 Cooling Energy

 Can Utilize the following Equipment:

 Combustion Turbine
 Reciprocating Engine Generator
 Fuel Cell.

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Co-generation & Tri-generation Main Components

Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat

Recovery Steam Generator

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 Co-generation & Tri-generation Main Components (Cont’d)

Engine Jacket Hot

water Heat Recovery

Gas Exhaust
Heat Recovery

Gas or Diesel or Biogas Engine Exhaust

Heat Recovery Steam Generator 6
Main Competitor is Combined Power cycle with LHV
Efficiency > 60%

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 Analyzing Qatar Available Fuel Pricing

Qatar Utilities Cost as of Nov 2011

Cost ( QR/
Utility Unit Cost ( QR)
Million BTU)
Electricity KWHr 0.120 35.17
Potable Water m3 5.200
Diesel 1,000 Lit 1,000 27.78
LPG Gas Kg 1.250 28.41
NG Gas Million BTU 1.00

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Qatar Detailed KahramaaUtility Tariff

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 Impact of Available Fuel Pricing on Cooling Technology

Cooling Energy Optimization

Absorption
Water Cooled Absorption Absorption
Unit Air Cooled Chiller Chiller -
Chiller Chillers - LPG Chiller - NG
Diesel
Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton Unit / Ton

Electric Power
Compressor KW / Ton 1.500 0.68 0 0 0
Condenser or Cooling Tower Fan KW / Ton 0.120 0.035 0.045 0.045 0.045
Cooling Circuit Pump KW / Ton 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.1
Primary Chilled water Pump KW / Ton 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Secondary Chilled water Pump KW / Ton 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Total Power KW / Ton 1.720 0.885 0.245 0.245 0.245

Water Consumption Lit/Ton-Hr 0 10 15 15 15

Fuel Consumption
LPG Gas BTU / Ton-Hr 0 0 11,111 0 0
Diesel Fuel BTU / Ton-Hr 0 0 0 11,111 0
Natural Gas (NG) 11,111

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 Impact of Available Fuel Pricing on Cooling Technology (Cont’d)

Absorption
Water Cooled Absorption Absorption
Unit Air Cooled Chiller Chiller -
Chiller Chillers - LPG Chiller - NG
Diesel
QR / Ton-Hr QR / Ton-Hr QR / Ton-Hr QR / Ton-Hr QR / Ton-Hr

Electric Power
Total Power QR / Ton-Hr 0.2064 0.1062 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294

CT Water Consumption QR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0520 0.0780 0.0780 0.0780

CT Water Chemical Treatment QR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0019 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

Fuel Consumption
LPG Gas QR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0000 0.3157 0.0000 0.0000
Diesel Fuel QR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3086 0.0000
Natural Gas (NG) QR / Ton-Hr 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0111

Total QR / Ton-Hr 0.2064 0.1601 0.4259 0.4189 0.1214

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Co-generation & Tri-Generation Schematics

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 Tri-Generation Feasibility If NG is sold at same rate to Power Plant

Tri-Generation - Combined Heat for heating & Cooling & Power

Jacket + Exhaust Electric Power

Generation Fuel Cost without Heat Recovered Cooling Energy Fuel Cost with
Heat Saved

Kw per KW of Produced from Produced from Heat

Heat Recovery QR / Recovery Absorption
Efficiency % generated Recovered Heat Recovered Recovery QR
kwh Efficiency % COP
electricity in Ton-Hr Heat in kwh / kwh

Diesel Recprocating Engine Generator with HR

of Jacket and exhaust in series to power single 38% 0.010 32.5% 0.855 0.7 0.170 0.102 0.009
effect absorption chillers

Diesel Recprocating Engine Generator with HR

of Jacket and exhaust in parallel to power
38% 0.010 12.1% 0.318 0.7 0.063 0.038 0.009
single effect and double effect absorption
chillers respectively
20.5% 0.539 1.3 0.199 0.120
0.158

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 DC PRO Engineering

Thank you
www.dcproeng.ae
www.dcproeng.com
email: gberbari@dcproeng.com

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