POLITCAL

IDEOLOGIES
 WHY STUDY
POLITCAL
IDEOLOGIES?
 BASIC TENETS OF THE MAJOR
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
1.LIBERALISM 2. CONSERVATIVE
It is a political ideology It is most often based on
that, at its core, denounces their claims on the
economic and social teachings of religion and
inequality. traditional morality.
Individualism, Freedom, Equality,
Rationalism, Progress, Free Market.
3. MODERATES
It represents a mix
of both liberal and
conservative
ideologies.
 OTHER POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES
1.Anarchism- Promotes a stateless society.
2.Socialism- Based on collective or
governmental ownership and democratic
management.
3.Nationalism- It emphasizes the right of the
strong to rule the weak.
5. Fascism- It celebrates masculinity, youth, mystical
unity and the power of violence. It promotes racial
superiority doctrines, ethnic persecution, imperialist
expansion and genocide.

6. Marxism- It describes the strength and weaknesses

of the capitalist economic system and argued that it
would eventually overthrown in order to bring about a
more just and equal society.
 NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE
CONCEPTIONS OF LIBERTY AND
FREEDOM
For early or classical liberals For modern liberals
Liberty or freedom was Liberty and freedom was seen as
natural right therefore, it the condition in which
consisted in each person individuals were able to develop
being left alone, free from their skills and talents and fulfill
interference from their potential and therefore, it
government and able to was defined as the ability to be
act in whatever way they one’s own master and to be
may choose. autonomous.
 SOCIAL CONTRACT
THEORY
It says that people live together in society
in accordance with an agreement that
establishes moral and political rules of
behavior.
 LIBERALS VS. ANARCHIST
Liberals believe that rational
individuals would recognize that it
is in their interest to surrender a
portion of their liberty and right in
order to set up a system of law for
protection of their freedom. On the
other hand, Anarchist believe that
society develops naturally out of
the free actions of individuals an
voluntary associations and,
therefore, both law and
government are unnecessary.
LIBERALS VS. MARXISTS
Liberals portray the state as an
umpire or neutral referee in
society. While, Marxists disagreed
on that view and they believed that
state was the instrument of the
ruling class, not “a neutral arbiter”
among competing individuals and
groups.