CHAPTER 4

NATIONALISM IN
THE NOVELS
• Kathleen Ann • Maebelline Castillo
Trinidad • Ronalyn Jasmin
• Jennifer Paat • Veronica Ramos
• Novy Porras
CROSS - sufferings POMELO BLOSSOMS AND LAUREL
LEAVES – honor and fidelity
SILHOUETTE OF A FILIPINA – Maria Clara
BURNING TORCH – range and passion
SUNFLOWERS - enlightenment
BAMBOO STALKS THAT WERE CUT
DOWN BUT GREW BACK - resilience
A MAN IN A CASSOCK WITH HAIRY FEET
– priests using religion in a dirty way
WHIPS - cruelties CHAINS - slavery
HELMET OF
GUARDIA CIVIL –
arrogance of
those in authority
 IDEAS THAT CAME UP
INTO WRITING NOLI
•UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
- Harriet Beecher Stowe

•Rizal’s Proposal
- January 2, 1884
ORIGIN OF THE NOVEL’S
TITLE
John 20:13-17
“Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my Father, but
go to my brethren, and unto them my Father and your
Father, and to my God and your God”
 WRITING THE NOVEL

•Madrid, Spain from 1884-1885

•Germany on December 1886

•Vicente Blasco Ibañez

 PUBLICATION HISTORY
•Maximo Viola

•March 21, 1887

• Berliner Buchdruckerei-Actein-Gesselschaft,
Setzerinnen-Schule De Lette Vereins
 OBJECTIVES OF THE
NOVEL
• To defend Filipino

• To expose cruelties, graft and corruption

• To show how the Filipino lives in the Spanish

colonial period

•To discuss what religion and belief can do to

everyday lives
 SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE
NOVEL AND
CONTROVERSIES
• Noli me Tangere considered to be one of the
instruments that led to 1896 Philippine Revolution.
• Noli was originally written in Spanish.
• Copies of books were redirected to churches
• Expulsion of Rizal’s clan in Calamba, Laguna
• Governor-General Emilio Terrero gave summon
letter to Rizal
• The novel’s importation, reproduction and
circulation
 ANTI-NOLI

•Father Salvador Font

• Father Jose Rodriguez – “ Cuestiones de Sumo

Interes “ ( Katanungan ng Dakilang Interes)
 PRO-NOLI
•Vicente Garcia (Justo Desiderio Magalang)
1.Hindi masasabing “ ignoranteng tao” si Rizal
2. hindi tinuligsa ni Rizal ang Simbahan at Espanya
3. Sinabi ni Padre Rodriguez na yaong bumabasa ng Noli ay gumagawa ng
kasalanang mortal

•Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Dolores Manapat) – “Caiingat Cayo”

( Maging madulas katulad ng igat)
CHARACTERS
Crisostomo Ibarra
- Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin

- Studied in Europe for 7 years

- Love interest of Maria Clara

- Son of Don Rafael

Maria Clara de los
Santos
-Ibarra’s sweetheart

- Daughter of Padre Damaso

and Pia Alba
Capitán Tiago
- Don Santiago de los Santos

- known father of Maria Clara

- lives in Binondo
Damaso Verdolaga

- Franciscan Friar

- Maria Clara’s biological

Father
Elías
- Ibarra’s mysterious friend

- a master boater also a fugitive

“pilot”

- he wants to revolutionize the

country
Pilosopong Tacio
- Also known as “Don Anastacio”

- Portrayed in the novel as

pessimist, cynic and mad in his
neighbors
Donya Victorina
- Wife of Don Tiburcio

- Ambitious Filipina

- Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña

Sisa
- The mother of Basilio and
Crispin

- Who went insane after losing

her both son
Crispin
- Sisa’s 7-year-old son
- Accused of stealing money from
the church
- Father Salvi and the head sacristan
killed him

Basilio
- Sisa’s 10-year-old son
- Elias wished him to bury him by
burning
- An acolyte
Father Salvi
- Also known in his full name
as Bernardo Salvi

- Secret admirer of Maria

Clara
El Alférez or Alperes
- Chief of Guardia Civil

- Mortal enemy of the priests

- Husband of Doña Consolacion

Doña Consolacion
- Wife of Alperes

- La musa de los guardias civiles

(the muse of the Civil Guards)

- Former laundrywoman
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña

- Spanish Quack Doctor

- Limp

- Submissive to his wife, Doña Victorina

Teniente Guevara
- Close friend of Don Rafael
Ibarra
Alfonso Linares
- A distant nephew of Don
Tiburcio de Espadaña

- A would-be fiancé of Maria

Clara

- Later died due to given

medications of Don Tiburcio
Tia Isabel

- Capitan Tiago’s Cousin

- She raised Maria Clara

Governor General
- Unnamed person in the novel

- He is the most Powerful official in

the Philippines

- He has great disdain for the friars

and corrupt officials
Don Filipo Lino
- Vice Mayor of the town of the San Diego

- Leader of the Liberals

Padre Manuel Martin
- Linguistic curate of a nearby town who
delivers the sermon during San Diego’s Fiesta
Don Rafael Ibarra
- Father of Crisostomo Ibarra

- He is the richest man in San Diego

Doña Pia Alba

- Wife of Capitan Tiago

- Mother of Maria Clara

- She died giving birth to her daughter

- In reality, she was raped by Padre Damaso

SUMMARY OF NOLI ME TANGERE
 El Filibusterismo
It was dedicated to the three martys( GOMBURZA)
 Brief History

 Rizal started writing novel when he was in Calamba during his

first homecoming

 On February 1882 he went to Brussels to continue his writing

 VAN LOO F MEYER at Viaanderin Street is the book’s publisher

 Rizal pawned his jewels to sustain the printing cost

 Brief History

 Valentine Ventura lend Rizal some money for the printing of El

Fili

 The publishing temporarily stopped due to financial constraints

 The foreword and warning is not included

 It has 39(?) chapters

CHARACTERS
Simoun

- Crisostomo Ibarra disguised as a

wealthy jeweler

- Who would soon start a revolution

Isagani
- Poet and Basilio’s best friend

-Emotional and reactive

-Paulita Gomez’ boyfriend

Basilio
-Student of medicine

- Juli’s boyfriend

-Eldest son of Sisa

Kabesang Tales
- Former cabeza de barangay

- Resurfaced as the feared Luzon

bandit Matanglawin.
Tandang Selo
- Father of Kabesang Tales who was
unknowingly shot by his own grandson

-He raised Basilio when Sisa died

Ben Zayb

- Reporter
Placido Penitente

- Student who lost his desire in

studying due to financial issues
Padre Fernandez
- Dominican friar

- Friend of Isagani

- Promised to Isagani that he and the

other priests will give in to the
student’s demands.
Padre Salvi

- Franciscan friar formerly assigned

to San Diego.
Padre Florentino
- Isagani’s godfather

- A secular priest

- Engaged to be married but choose

to be a priest after being pressured by
his mother.
Don Custodio

- Famous journalist who was asked

by the students about his decision for
the Academia de Castillano
Padre Irene

- Helps the youth in building an

academy for Spanish language
Macaraig

- Rich student

- Actively fights for the founding of

the academy for Spanish language (but
soon disappeared due to financial
reasons)
Sandoval

- Spanish official who agreed on what

the students are fighting for
Donya Victorina

- Disguises as a European but is a

native Filipina

- Aunt of Paulita
Paulita Gomez

- Girlfriend of Isagani

- Married Jualito Pelaez, the richer

fellow.
Quiroga

- Businessman
Juli

- Daughter of Kabesang Tales

- Girlfriend of Basilio
Hermana Penchang

-Rich

-Prayerful Woman
Ginoong Leeds

- Mysterious American

- Performer at the carnival

Pepay

- Dancer

- Don Custodio’s best friend

Paciano Gomez

- Brother of Paulita
Don Tiburcio

- Husband of Donya Victorina

SUMMARY OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
SYMBOLISM IN THE CHARACTERS
OF NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
• Crisostomo Ibarra/ Simoun
- Rizal’s reflection

• Maria Clara
- Representation of the Philippines

• Capitan Tiago
- Filipino people during Spanish regime

• Padre Damaso
- Spanish priest with a notorious character

• Elias
- Filipino who wants to revolutionize the country
• Pilosopong Tacio
- Filipino who seeks for reform

• Donya Victorina
-Ambitious Filipinas who classifies themselves as Spanish

• Sisa Crispin and Basilio

- Family persecuted by the Spanish authorities

• Placido Penitente
- Filipino students who lost their desire in studying due to financial issues

• Padre Fernandez
- Spanish friars who became loyal friends with the Filipinos
Source:

Life and works of Rizal. (2017). ”Nationalism in the novels”

The characters (the summary of noli metangere). (2017). Retrieved from http://
www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/noli-me-tangere-the-social-cancer-by-dr-jose-rizal-book
-notes-summary-in-english-the-characters-the-summary-of-noli-me-tangere_850.html
.