Diploma In Computing,

Information &
Communication Technology
1

C O U R S E C O D E & N A M E : I T T 06202: INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: MR. MOHAMMED KHATIB ALI

EMAIL : mudy02@gmail.com

Date: 07/06/2020
___________________________________________________________________

ZANZIBAR UNIVERSITY-PEMBA CAMPUS

 Description of Module
2
 Course Code: ITT 06202.
 Course Name: Information Systems Development
Topics to be Covered
1. Describe Information Systems concepts and principles.
2. Describe Information Technology and its concepts and
principles
3. Discuss how IT and IS can be used in problem solving
4. Discus multi-user relational database and their relation to
IT and IS.
5. Apply IT and IS and multi-user relational database in
solving simple problem
 Methods of Assessment
3

M ET H O D S O F A S S E S S M E N T
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT - 30%
S E M ES T ER E X A M I N A T I O N - 70%
Introduction to information System Development
4

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
 Learning Objectives
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Learning Objectives
Meaning of Data, information and knowledge.
Distinguish between data, information and
knowledge.
Distinguish between IS and IT.
Explain the relation between information, IS and
IT.
 What Is a Computer?
6

Computer
operating under the
 A computer is an electronic device,
control of instructions stored in its own memory,
that can accept data, process the data according to
specified rules, produce results, and store the results
for future use.
A computer processes data into information. In this
simplified example, the item ordered, item price,
quantity ordered, and amount received all represent
data. The computer processes the data to produce
the cash register receipt (information).
 Data and Information
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Data
Computers process data into information.
 Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can
include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
 Data , in contrast, are streams of raw facts
representing events occurring in organizations or the
physical environment before they have been
organized and arranged into a form that people can
understand and use.
 Data and Information (cont..)
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 Key Facts:
 Datacan be alphanumeric characters (letters and
numbers), sound or graphics
 Data is raw facts before it has been processed
 Data has no meaning
 Data Examples
 Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes
 42, 63, 96, 74, 56, 86 • 111192, 111234
  None of the above data sets have any meaning until
they are given a CONTEXT and PROCESSED into a
useable form
 Data and Information (cont..)
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Data into Information

 To achieve its aims the organization will need to
process data into information.
 Data needs to be turned into meaningful information
and presented in its most useful format.
 Data must be processed in a context in order to give
it meaning
 Data and Information(Cont…)
10

Information
 Information mean data that have been shaped into
a form that is meaningful and useful to human
beings.
 Information conveys meaning and is useful to
people.
 Many daily activities either involve the use of or
depend on information from a computer
 Figure 1 below, shows an example of computers
process several data items to print information in the
form of a cash register receipt.
Data and Information(Cont…)
11
 Data and Information(Cont…)
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 A computer processes data into information. In this

simplified example above, the item ordered, item
price, quantity ordered, and amount received all
represent data. The computer processes the data to
produce the cash register receipt (information).
 Information Processing Cycle
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 Computers process data (input) into information

(output).
 Computers carry out processes using instructions, which
are the steps that tell the computer how to perform a
particular task.
 A collection of related instructions organized for a
common purpose is referred to as software.
 A computer often holds data, information, and
instructions in storage for future use.
 Information processing cycle refer to the series of
input, process, output, and storage activities with in
computer
 Information Processing Cycle (Cont…)
14

 Most computers today communicate with other

computers. As a result, communications also has
become an essential element of the information
processing cycle.
 Knowledge
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 Is concerned with how to do things, with causes and

consequences
 In ICT terms it is concerned with the application of
rules to information
 Example:
 Data: 46, 54
 Information: Scores for team 1 and team 2,
respectively, in a quiz
 Knowledge: Team 2 won
Example of data, information and knowledge
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 Information System and Information
Technologies
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Information System
 Organizations require information to determine
appropriate decision making.
 Organization rely on information system which allow
for the processing and analyzing of information.
 Information systems can range from software,
hardware, data, people and procedure. These
procedures are designed to accumulate information for
the day to day activities of an organization.
 Information System and Information
Technologies (cont…)
18

An information system (IS) is a collection of

hardware, software, data, people, and procedures
that work together to produce quality information.
Technically An information system can be
defined as a set of interrelated components that
collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making and
control in an organization.
 Information System and Information
Technologies(Cont…)
19

 In addition to supporting decision making, coordination,

and control, information systems may also help managers
and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects,
and create new products.
 Information systems contain information about significant
people, places, and things within the organization or in the
environment surrounding it.
 Three activities in an information system produce the
information that organizations need to make decisions,
control operations, analyze problems, and create new
products or services.
 Information System and Information
Technologies(Cont…)
20

These activities are input, processing, and output

(see Figure 2 ).
i. Input captures or collects raw data from
within the organization or from its external
environment.
ii. Processing converts this raw input into a
meaningful form.
iii. Output transfers the processed
Figure 2.
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 Elements of an Information System
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There are five elements of an information

system
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures:
 Elements of an Information System(Cont…)
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1. Hardware
 The hardware must be reliable and capable of handling the expected
workload.
2. Software
 The software must be developed carefully and tested thoroughly.
3. Data
 The data entered into the information system must be accurate.
4. People
 Staff in the IT department should be skilled and up-to-date on the latest
technology.
 IT staff also should train users so that they understand how to use the
computer properly.
5. Procedure
 Finally, all the IT applications should have readily available documented
procedures that address operating the computer and using its programs.
 24

How the Elements of

an Information
System in an
Enterprise Might
Interact

This figure
shows how the
elements of an
information
system in an
enterprise
might interact.
 Information Technology (IT)
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Information technology
 Information technology is a contemporary term that
describes the combination of computer technology
(hardware and software) with telecommunications
technology (data, image, and voice networks)
 It consists of all the hardware and software that a firm
needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.
 This includes not only computer machines, storage devices, and
handheld mobile devices but also software, such as the Windows or
Linux operating systems, the Microsoft Office desktop productivity suite,
and the many thousands of computer programs that can be found in a
typical large firm.
 Test Your Mind
26

Useful Lecture Questions

1) What Is a Computer?
2) What Is the Relationship between Data and
Information?
3) What is information systems
4) Mentions the element of information systems and
explain it?
 End
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Thank you.