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Fluid and Electrolyte balance

Prof. Dr. Syed Hafeezul Hassan


Lecture Objectives
At the end of the lecture students will be able to have concepts of body fluids

and electroltes;

• Introduction

• Compartment

• Divisions

• Constituents

• Osmolarity


Homeostasis

The maintenance of a relatively constant


volume and a stable composition of the
body fluids is essential for homeostasis
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Divisions

The following approximate values in an average 70 Kg man


A. Extracellular Fluid
• Interstitial fluid → 11 Liters
• Plasma → 3 Liters
• Transcellular fluid → 1-2 Liters

B. Intracellular Fluid → 28/42 Liters


In the average young adult male, 18 % of body weight is
protein and related substances, 7 % is mineral and 15 % is fat.
The remaining 60 % is water
Divisions
Divisions
Body Fluid Compartments
Divisions of body fluids
Water Balance
Water Balance
Regulation of Fluid Volume
Ionic composition
Electrolytes
• Dissolved ions in the cell, interstitial fluid and
blood are
• Sodium (Na)
• Potassium (K)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Chloride (Cl)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3)
• Phosphates ( PO4)
Electrolytes
Renal Sodium Handling
• Proximal tubules: 65% by active transport
• Descending limb: impermeable to Na-CL
• Thin ascending limb: permeable to Na-Cl
• Thick ascending limb: Na-K-2Cl co-
transport occur in this part
• Distal convoluted tubule and collecting
ducts: Aldosterone dependent Na+
absorption
Constituents
Non-Electrolytes of Plasma
Phospholipids 280 mg/dl
Cholesterol 150 mg/ dl
Neutral fat 125 mg/ dl
Glucose 100 mg/dl
Urea 15 mg/ dl
Lactic acid 10 mg/ dl
Uric acid 3 mg/ dl
Creatinine 1.5 mg/ dl
Bilirubin 0.5 mg/ dl
Bile salts Trace
Non-Electrolytes of Plasma

Phospholipids = 280 mg/dl

Cholesterol = 150 mg/dl


Neutral fat = 125 mg/dl

Glucose = 100mg/dl
Urea= 15 mg/dl
Lactic acid = 10 mg/dl
Uric acid = 3 mg/dl
Creatinine = 1.5 mg/dl
Bilirubin = 0.5 mg/dl
Bile salts = traces
 Capillary Exchange
Osmolarity

Homeostasis
Effects of Osmosis

Homeostasis

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