TURNER SYNDROME

THIS syndrome caused by absent in second sex chromosome x in

female its abbreviation 45.x we now in normal female its
abbreviation 46.xx , the lost of chromosome make many problem for
Woman
Symptoms skeletal abnormalities,  kidney problems, heart
defects ,(webbed neck), hypertension , small breast.
 WHAT TURNER SYNDROME CAUSE
• third disorder: primary hypothyroidism such as hashimotos
thyroiditis is autoimmune disease make destroyed in gland so we
have low concentration of T3 +T4 and high TSH from pituitary gland .
• increase risk of bone fracture because so make body increase
parathyroid hormones when decrease level of calcium in blood to
make active of vitamin D 125 in kidney the vitamin D3 increase
absorption of calcium in kidney to make is function and revers it to
bone to building it but we don’t have enough active of vitamin D3
from kidney because have only one kidney this make osteoporosis.
• no functional ovary : in adult female no secretion or very low
concentration of sex hormones from ovary such as estrogen +
progesterone this make increase concentration of FSH + LH from
pituitary gland the function of estrogen is Ovarian follicle ,make less
infection of vagina , less mature of uterus all this make no pregnancy
and many character of female has absent such as very small breast
and bad mood because estrogen in brain stimulation a chemical
substance to secretion to make good mood
• HIGH WEIGHT : because have hypothyroidism.
• ADHD: this disease make female slow growth of brain , aggressive
because have low secretions of glucocorticoids from adrenal gland.
• no menstrual cycle or short time : because when have hypothyroidism
the TSH +TRH high concentration the hypothalamuas releasing
hormones increase secretion of prolactin :make negative feedback to
GNRH
in skeletal: no secretion enough growth hormones this make female
with forth toe , ring finger and short woman .
• DIABETES :Low level of progesterone make less effect and decrease
secretion of insulin from pancreas make high level of glucose in blood
• TREATMENT
• Human growth hormone. If given in early childhood, hormone injections
can often increase adult height by a few inches.
• Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). ERT can help start the secondary
sexual development that normally begins at puberty (around age 12). This
includes breast development and the development of wider hips. Health
care providers may prescribe a combination of estrogen and progesterone
to girls who haven’t started menstruating by age 15. ERT also provides
protection against bone loss.