PAIN

MANAGEMENT

MS . NILAKSHI BARIK MANDAL

 NON PHARMACOLOGICAL PAIN
MANAGEMENT

•Physical
•Cognitive- behavioural
•Life style
 PHYSICAL MODALITIES

• Cutaneous stimulation
• Ice or heat
• Immobilization or therapeutic
exercises
• TENS
• Acupuncture
 COGNITIVE - BEHAVIOURAL
• Distracting activities
• Relaxation techniques
• Imagery
• Meditation
• Biofeedback
• Hypnosis
• Emotional counselling
• Therapeutic touch or reiki
 LIFE STYLE MANAGEMENT

• Stress management
• Exercise
• Nutrition
• Disability management
 PHYSICAL INTERVENTION-
CUTANEOUS STIMULATION
• It can provide effective temporary pain
relief . It distract the client and focuses
attention on tactile stimuli , away from the
painful sensation , thus reducing pain
perception.
 CUTANEOUS STIMULATION

• MASSAGE
• APPLICATION OF HEAT
AND COLD
• ACUPRESSURE
• CONTRALATERAL
STIMULATION
 MASSAGE

• The therapeutic practice of manipulating

the muscles and limbs to ease tension
and reduce pain. Massage can be a part
of physical therapy or practiced on its
own. It can be effective for reducing the
symptoms of disorders of or pain in the
muscles and nervous system, and it is
often used to reduce stress.
 HEAT & COLD APPLICATION
• A warm bath ,heating pads , ice bags ,
ice message , hot or cold compresses ,
and warm or cold sitz baths in general
relieve pain and promote healing of
injured tissues.
• Cold work best when applied within
first 24 hr of injury or condition,
while heat is primarily used to treat
the chronic phase of injury or
condition , usually 48 hrs after an
acute injury.
 ACUPRESSURE
• A traditional Chinese medicine bodywork
technique based on the principles of 
acupuncture. Acupressure is the application of
pressure rather than needles on specific points
on the body to control symptoms Acupressure
is essentially a method of sending a signal to
the body (by needle or other means) to “turn
on” its own self-healing or regulatory
mechanisms. Acupressure helps to correct
functional imbalances and restore the flow
thus returning the body to a more natural state
of well-being.
 CONTRALATERAL STIMULATION

• It is accomplished by stimulating the

skin in an area opposite to the painful
area ( e.g- stimulating left knee if the
pain is in the right knee).
• This method is particularly useful
when painful area cannot be touched
because it is hypersensitive.
 IMMOBILIZATION

• It is restricting the movement of a

painful body part .
• Splint or supportive devices should
hold joints in the position of optimal
function.
 TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL
NERVE STIMULATION
• It is a method of applying
low – voltage electrical
stimulation directly over
identified pain areas.
• Its contraindicated for
pacemaker or arrhythmia.