GENETI

CS
 Introduction
• GENETICS: is the study of how genes are transmitted from one generation
to the next and how they are expressed to produce specific characteristics.
• GENES: are units of DNA which are located in linear order on the
chromosomes.
• Genetic information is transferred from parents to offspring during sexual
reproduction.
• This process involves the formation of gametes, the egg and sperm, and their
union in fertilization.
 Key
•
Terms
Haploid VS Diploid
• Gametes VS Zygote
• Meiosis VS Mitosis
• Allele VS Chromosome
• Segregation( A process occurs during meiosis results in the
separation of the members of allelic pairs)
• Homozygous VS Heterozygous
• Genotype ( the pair of alleles for specific characteristics and it is
represented by letter symbols)
• Phenotype ( the appearance of the individual due to the
expression of alleles such as blue eye)
Key Terms
• Alleles : the genes that occupy identical positions on the homologues
 Why drosophila is choosed to study
genetics?
1. Simple food requirements
2. Occupies little space in lab.
3. Life cycle is short (10-12 days)
4. Produces large number of offspring.
5. Has a small number of chromosomes (4
pairs) located in large salivary gland cells.
6. High diversity in traits.
Types of Drosophila melanogaster

1. Wild type (red eyes and long wings)

2. Mutated type (white eyes and short wings)
 Difference between male and female

• Male: the end of it’s body is black and has sex-

combs at his hand
• Female: striated body