Campus Irapuato-Salamanca

Sede Yuriria
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE
Intercultural Communication: Verbal and
Non.verbal Communication
Types of communication
 Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication is the process of communication
through sending and receiving messages with the use of
words.
• Word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists
of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less
tightly together, and has a phonetical value
• Nonverbal communication is the process of
communication through sending and
receiving wordless messages.
• Visual communication is the conveyance of
ideas and information in forms that can be
read or looked upon.
• Oral communication is the conveyance of
ideas and information in forms that can be
listened to or spoken
 VerbalCommunication Theory of
Language
Theory of Language
• Charles Morris (an influential 20th-
centurysemiotician), the study of
language evolved into three primary
branches:
• 1. Semantics
• 2. Syntactics
• 3. Pragmatics
 1. Semantics
• Semantics is the study of the relationship between
words and their referents, or the things designated
• “Words don’t mean; people mean.”
• The meaning of a word is always
determined by a person
• People are not free to use words
however they wish. The society, culture,
and tradition limit what meanings might
be inferred from a term.
• Meanings are not fixed, however, and do
migrate as groups, cultures, and
traditions change in how they use various
words.
 2. Syntactics
• Syntactics is the study of
relationships among signs, which in
language involves a focus on how
speech sounds, words, and
structures are organized into larger
segments of meaning . In classical
linguistics, syntax refers to
grammar.
 3. Pragmatics
• Pragmatics is the study of signs as
used in actual situations. Pragmatics
looks at even larger levels of meaning
—not just the meaning of words and
sentences, but the intentions and
goals that lie behind a message and
the attributions given to others’
intentions.
 Non-verbal communication
• The first scientific study of nonverbal
communication was seen in Charles
Darwin’s book The Expression of the
Emotions in Man and Animals. He
argued that all mammals show emotions
reliably in their faces.
• People make judgments about the nature
and behavior of persons based on their
nonverbal and visual cues rather than on
their verbal communication.
 Why to Study Non-Verbal
Communication
• “Some of the most impressive and
enlarging communication you will
ever experience will not involve
words at all.” –fujishin
• We tend to communicate most of
our feelings, attitudes and beliefs
nonverbally
 Preview
• Why to Study Non-Verbal
Communication
• Definintion of nonverbal
communication
• Principles of nonverbal
communication
• Types of nonverbal communication
• Nineteen nonverbal bridges to
others
 WHY STUDY NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• Why learn about nonverbal
communication?
• Nonverbal communication is
the primary way we
communicate feelings and
attitudes.
• People respond and adapt to
others through nonverbal
messages
INTERACTION ADAPTATION THEORY
• Theory suggesting that people interact with others by adapting
to their communication behaviors
 DEFINITION OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• All communication that is not spoken or written is nonverbal
communication
 CONTENT V. RELATIONSHIP
DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNICATION
• NV is primary source of relationship cues

• The primary way we communicate information about the relationship is

nonverbally instead of verbally
 PRINCIPLES OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Continuous
Instantaneous
 Universal
 Multichanneled
 Emotionally rich
 Function specific
 Ambiguous
 INTERPRINCIPLES OF NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• continuous- cannot easily separate into units
• instantaneous- immediately perceived
• universal- crosses languages
• multichanneled- all senses
• emotionally rich- conveys emotion interpreted in many
different ways
• function specific- kinesics
• ambiguous- can be interpreted in many ways 10
 KINESICS
• Kinesics is the study of Body Language
• The study of the way in which certain body
movements and gestures serve as a form of non-
verbal communication.
• Body movements and gestures regarded as a form of
non-verbal communication.
 KINESICS
• Gestures
• Postures
• Eye Contact
• Facial Expression
 KINESICS
MODERN APPLICATIONS
• 1.Emblems
• 2. Illustrators
• 3.Regulators
• 4. Affect displays
• 5. Adaptors
• 6. Logo
 Emblems
• Cues with a direct verbal meaning in a given culture
 Ilustrators
• Add to or support the verbal message
 Regulators
• Control social interactions
 Affect Displays
• Used to communicate emotions
 Adaptors
• Help satisfy a personal need and adapt to immediate
situation
 Logo
• A symbol of Organization or Company
 Types of non-verbal communication
• BODY MOVEMENT
• FACIAL EXPRESSIONS: we
can produce over 640 different
facial expressions
 PARALANGUAGE
HOW WE SPEAK
• PITCH, VOLUME, RATE, QUALITY
• COMMUNICATE EMOTION
• MANAGE CONVERSATION
• USE OF SILENCE
 TOUCHING (HAPTICS)
• All behavior that involves the skin
• Essential to human development
• Pat on back, hug, kiss
• Be sensitive to cultural and personal
preferences
 PERSONAL PRESENTATION
• Clothing- most obvious grooming communicates messages as well
as other nonverbal cues
• Artifacts- physical objects that have meaning to us.
 PERSONAL SPACE PROXEMICS-
STUDY

• Of how close or far away people position themselves

personal space
HALL'S FOUR ZONES OF SPACE
(PROXEMICS)
 TERRITORY
• Territoriality-using space and objects to communicate
occupancy or ownership of space nonverbal use of
space
• For Example: BOOKS ON LIBRARY DESK
 Chronemics
• HOW YOU USE TIME COMMUNICATES A GREAT DEAL ABOUT YOU
• It is the study of the concepts and processes of human temporality, or connections with time, as
they are bound to human communication interactions. Our notions of time, how we use it, the
timing of events, our emotional responses to time, and even the length of our pauses contribute
to the communicative effect of time
• William Gudykunst and Stella Ting-Toomey
identified two dominant time patterns:

• 1. Monochronic time schedule (M-time) refers to

cultures and contexts in which time is seen as
being very important.

• 2. Polychronic time schedule (P-time) where

personal involvement is more important than
schedules
 Oculesics
• The study of the role of eyes in nonverbal communication is referred to as
oculesics.
• Eye contact can indicate interest, attention, and involvement.
• Gaze comprises the actions of looking while talking, looking while
listening, amount of gaze, and frequency of glances, patterns of fixation,
pupil dilation, and blink rate.
 APPEARANCE
• THE “BEAUTY EFFECT”
• AMERICANS THINK THAT ATTRACTIVE
PEOPLE ARE MORE CREDIBLE,
• HAPPIER,
• MORE POPULAR,
• MORE SOCIABLE,
• AND MORE PROSPEROUS THAN LESS
ATTRACTIVE
• PEOPLE SHAPE AND BODY SIZE AFFECTS
• PERCEPTIONS ABOUT US. HEAVY AND
ROUND-OLDER, OLD- FASHIONED, GOOD
NATURED
 REVIEW TYPES OF NON- VERBAL
COMMUNICATION:
• KINESICS
• FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
• PARALANGUAGE
• TOUCH
• PERSONAL PRESENTATION
• PROXEMICS
• TIME ( Chronemics)
• APPEARANCE
NINETEEN NONVERBAL BRIDGES TO
OTHERS
• BE THERE BE PRESENT • BE SILENT
• DO NOTHING • SPEAK GENTLY
• MOVE TOWARD OTHERS • BE PUNCTUAL
• LOOK AT OTHERS • KEEP PROMISES
• SMILE (UNIVERSALLY POSITIVE • GIVE GIFTS
SYMBOL) • STAY IN TOUCH
• WELCOME POSTURE • LAUGH AT YOURSELF
• SHAKE HANDS • HUM
• TOUCH • LEAVE
• HUG
 SUMMARY
• Why study nonverbal communication?
• Definintion of nonverbal communication
• Principles of nonverbal communication
• Types of nonverbal communication
• Nineteen nonverbal bridges to others
• “I have always thought the actions of

men the best interpreter of their

thoughts."
END OF PRESENTATION