CLASS VII

CHAPTER 1

INTEGERS
 Natural numbers together with the number
zero are called whole number.
 Integers are set of numbers comprising of
negative and whole numbers.

 On the number line, the numbers lying on the

right of 0 are called positive numbers and
the numbers lying on left of 0 are called
negative numbers.
INTEGERS IN DAILY LIFE
NEGATIVE INTEGERS
TEMPERATURE BELOW ZERO
LOSS
BELOW SEA LEVEL
POSITIVE INTEGERS
TEMPERATURE ABOVE ZERO
WIN
ABOVE SEA LEVEL

DECREASE INCREASE
BASEMENT CAR PARKING LEVELS FLOORS ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
WITHDRAWAL DEPOSIT
DOWN UP
We will learn 4 operations of
Integers-
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS
 Whenever two signs are together, we always bring it one sign.
(+) (+) = (+)
(+) (-) = (-)
(-) (+) = (-)
(-) (-) = (+)
1. When we add two positive integers, we get a positive integer.
e.g. 2, 5 2+5=8
2. When we add two negative integers, we get a negative integer.
e.g. -2,-5 -2 + (-5) = - 2 - 5 = (-7)
3. When we add a positive integer and a negative integer, we actually
subtract them and put the sign of the bigger number. e.g.
i. -3, 5 -3 + 5 = 2
ii. -8, 3 -8 + 3 = (-5)
iii. 6, -10 6 + (-10) = 6 -10 = (-4)
Subtraction of integers can be
verified similarly.

1. When we subtract two positive integers, we get a

positive/negative integer.
e.g. 10, 3 10 -3 =7
2, 5 2 - 5 = (-3)
2. When we subtract two negative integers, we get a
positive/negative integer.
e.g. -2,-5 -2 - (-5) = - 2 + 5 = 3
-10, -4 -10 – (-4) = -10 + 4 =(-6)
Ex 1.1 Q7(i) R1= 5 +(-1) +(-4)
D1 C1 C2 C3 = 5-1-4 =0
R2 = -5-2+7 = 0
R1 5 -1 -4 R3 = 0 +3-3 =0

R2 -5 -2 7
C1=5 -5 + 0 =0
C2 = -1 -2 +3 = 0
R3 0 3 -3
C3 = -4 + 7 -3 =0

D1 = 5 -2 -3 = 0
D2 =-4 -2 + 0 =(-6)
Since,sum of each is not the
same , so it is not a
magic square.
 Q8 Verify a-(-b) = a + b
(i) a =21, b = 18
 LHS = a –(-b)  RHS = a+ b
 = 21- (-18)  = 21+ 18
 = 21+18  = 39
 = 39

 As LHS = RHS
 Hence verified
Q9 use the sign >,< or =
34+(-24) –(15)_____36+(-52)-(-36)

 LHS =34 +(-24) –(15)  RHS = 36 + (-52) –(-36)

 = 34 -24 -15  = 36 -52 +36
 = (-5)  = 72 -52
 = 20

 Therefore ,LHS < RHS

MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS
Rule # 1: Same Signs
When multiplying integers with same signs, the
product is always POSITIVE.
e.g.
i. 3, 5 3 x 5 = 15 (+)(+)=(+)
ii. -8, -3 -8 x (-3) = 24 (-)(-)= (+)
Rule # 2: Different Signs
When multiplying integers with different signs, the
product is always NEGATIVE.
e.g.
iii. -3, 5 -3 x 5 = (-15) (-)(+)=(-)
iv. 8, -3 8 x (-3) = (-24) (+)(-)=(-)
DIVISION OF INTEGERS
Rule # 1: Same Signs
When dividing integers with same signs, the answer is
always POSITIVE.
e.g.
i. 6, 3 6÷3=2 (+)÷(+)=(+)
ii. -8, -2 (-8) ÷ (-2) = 4 (-)÷(-)=(+)
Rule # 2: Different Signs
When dividing integers with different signs, the answer
is always NEGATIVE.
e.g.
iii. -15, 5 -15 ÷ 5 = (- 3) (-)÷(+)=(-)
iv. 8, -2 8 ÷ (-2) = (- 4) (+)÷(-)=(-)
Properties of Integers
 CLOSURE PROPERTY
Integers are closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication i.e.
for any two integers a and b then (a + b), (a - b) and (a × b) is an
integer.
 COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY
Addition and multiplication is commutative for Integers i.e. for any two
Integers a and b,
a+b=b+a ; a×b=b×a
 ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY
Addition and multiplication is associative for Integers i.e. for any three
Integers a, b and c,
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c ; (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
 DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
The distributive property of multiplication over the operation of addition
and subtraction holds for Integers i.e. for any three Integers a, b and c,
a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)
a × (b - c) = (a × b) - (a × c)
CLOSURE PROPERTY
ADDITION SUBTRACTION
a + b= a – b=
-2 + (-5) = - 2 - 5 = (-7) -2 - (-5) = - 2 + 5 = 3

-7 is an Integer. 3 is an Integer.

(a + b) is an Integer. (a – b) is an Integer.

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
a x b= a ÷ b=
-2 x (-5) = 10 6÷ 4 = 1.5

10 is an Integer. 1.5 is not an Integer.

(a x b) is an Integer. (a ÷ b) is not an Integer.

COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY
ADDITION SUBTRACTION
a+b= a–b=
-2 + (-5) = - 2 - 5 = (-7) -2 - (-5) = - 2 + 5 = 3

b+a= b–a=
-5 + (-2) = - 5 - 2 = (-7) -5 - (-2) = - 5 + 2 = -3

a+b=b+a a-b≠b-a

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
axb= a÷b=
-2 x (-5) = 10 6÷3=2

bxa= b÷a=
-5 x (-2) = 10 3 ÷ 6 = 0.5

axb=bxa a÷b≠b÷a
ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY
ADDITION SUBTRACTION
a + (b + c) = a - (b - c) =
-2 + [-5 + (-3)] = - 2 + [-5- 3] -2 - [5 - (-3)] = - 2 - [5 + 3]
= -2 +(-8) = -2 - 8 = (-10) = - 2 - 8 = (-10)

(a + b) + c = (a - b) - c =
[-2 + (-5)] + (-3) = [-2 - 5] – 3 [-2 - 5] - (-3) = -7 + 3
= -7 - 3 = (-10) = (- 4)

a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c a - (b - c) ≠ (a - b) - c

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
(a × b) × c = (a ÷ b) ÷ c =
[-2 x (-5)] x (-3) = 10 x (-3) = (-30) [12 ÷ (-6)] ÷ (-2) = [-2] ÷ (-2) = 1

a × (b × c) = a ÷ (b ÷ c) =
-2 x [(-5) x (-3)] = -2 x 15 = (-30) 12 ÷ [(-6) ÷ (-2)] = 12 ÷ 3 = 4

(a × b) × c = a × ( b × c ) (a ÷ b) ÷ c ≠ a ÷ (b ÷ c)
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF MULTIPICATION OVER
ADDITION

a × ( b + c) =
-2 x [-5 + (-3)] = - 2 x [-5 - 3] = -2 x (-8) = 16

(a × b) + (a × c) =
[-2 x (-5)] + [-2 x (-3)] = 10 + 6 = 16

a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF MULTIPLICATION OVER
SUBTRACTION
a x ( b - c) =
2 x [-5 - (-3)] = 2 x (-5 + 3) = 2 x (-2) = (- 4)

(a × b) - (a × c) =
[2 x (-5)] – [2 x (-3)] = -10 – (-6) = - 10 + 6 = (- 4)

a × (b - c) = (a × b) - (a × c)
Additive & Multiplicative Identity

 Identity under addition:

‘0’ is an additive identity. For any integer a,
a+0=0+a=a
I. 3+ 0 =0+3 =3
II. -5 + 0 = 0 -5 = -5
 Identity under multiplication:
‘1’ is an multiplicative identity. For any integer a,
a × 1 =1 × a = a
I. 3 × 1 =1 × 3 = 3
II. - 5 × 1 =1 × - 5 = - 5