DESIGN OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM (ECM506-IDP)

1. Site visit : to know the existing site condition

• existing sewerage manhole (type, size, material), existing sewerage treatment plan,
existing levels, existing slopes, existing structures, condition on surrounding area, access
road, etc
2. Information to be used during site visit :
• key plan, location plan, site plan, architectural plan, survey plan
3. Liaison with local authority :
• requirements on submission or guidelines to be followed
• existing manhole to be used for the proposed new project
4. Design : use all the information from above for detail design
Refer architectural plan/site plan/location plan/survey plan :
• identify the existing sewerage manhole/ sewerage treatment plant (should be obtained
consent from authority)
• identify the starting point of the sewerage system and proposed the most suitable alignments
of the sewerage system so that the waste water from the proposed
building/project/surrounding area can be discharged or connected to the existing manhole.
• refer design consideration
• prepare sewerage calculation
• prepare sewerage layout plan
• prepare detailing
 CALCULATIONS
Calculations
The detailed calculations for the sewerage system must be signed by a
Professional Engineer (P.E) and will include the following information:
• Hydraulic calculations pertaining to the entire design of sewerage
network
• Clauses from relevant standards and/or reference on updated
formulas shall be quoted clearly.
• Details of manholes and drop structures
• Proposed materials types, bedding details and pipe strengths
• Foundation design to support the structural integrity of pipe laid and
S.I report.
• All detailed pertaining to the design of connections to the public
sewer.
ANALYSIS/HYDRAULICS CALCULATION
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
PROJECT : PROPOSED 3 BLOCKS OF CONDOMINIUM
CONSISTS OF 500 UNIT, 2 BLOCKS 31/2
STOREY CARPARK, TENIS
COURT,RECREATIONAL CENTER AND
SWIMMING POOL ON LOT 783, MUKIM
SETAPAK KUALA LUMPUR

CLIENT : SUAJAYA MAHIR SDN BHD

CONSULTANT : HSS INTEGRATED SDN BHD

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH1 – MH2
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 1 TO MH 2
MH 1
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.5 m (> 1.2 m)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.8 m (41.3 m – 1.5 m)
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 20 m (from MH 1 to MH 2)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
No of Unit discharge to : 20 + 34 + 34 + 32 = 120 unit
(MH1 & MH2)
From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)
= 120 unit x 5 per house
= 600 PE
23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 600 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 135,000 litre/day
= 135,000/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 1.563 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (600/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.972

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 1.563 x 4.972
= 7.768 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 20
1000
= 225 litre/ day
= 225
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0026 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 7.768 + 0.0026
= 7.771 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 7.771 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 7.771

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 2 :
MH 2
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.58 m (41.3 m – 39.72 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.72 m ( 39.8 m – 20 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH2 – MH3
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 2 TO MH 3
MH 2
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.58 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.72 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 35 m (from MH 2 to MH 3)
Gradient (S) - Proposed : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
No of Unit discharge to (MH2-MH3) : 22 + 28 + 32 + 32 = 114 Unit
(from MH1 - MH2) : 120 unit
Total unit discharge to MH3 : 114 + 120 = 234 Unit

From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)

= 234 unit x 5 per house
= 1170 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 1170 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 263250 litre/day
= 263250/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 3.047 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (1170/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.6195

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 3.047 x 4.6195
= 14.076 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 35
1000
= 393.75 litre/ day
= 393.75
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0046 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 14.076 + 0.0046
= 14.081 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 14.081 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 14.081

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 3 :
MH 3
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.2 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.62 m (41.2 m – 39.58 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.58 m ( 39.72 m – 35 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH3 – MH8
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 3 TO MH 8 MH 3
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.2 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.62 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.58 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 29 m (from MH 3 to MH 8)
Gradient (S) - Proposed : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
No of Unit discharge to (MH3-MH8) : 20 + 34 + 28 = 82 Unit
(from MH1 - MH2-MH3) : 234 unit
(from multi purpose hall) : 15 m x 22 m = 330 m²
Total unit discharge to MH3 : 82+ 234 = 316 Unit
From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)
= 316 unit x 5 per house + 330/100 x 3 person per 100m² gross area
= 1580 PE + 10 PE
= 1590 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 1590 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 357750 litre/day
= 357750/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 4.141 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (1590/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.4663

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 4.141 x 4.4663
= 18.495 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 29
1000
= 326.25 litre/ day
= 326.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.00377 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 18.495 + 0.00377
= 18.499 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 18.499 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 18.499

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 8 :
MH 8
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.64 m (41.1 m – 39.46 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.46 m ( 39.58 m – 29 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH4 – MH5
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 4 TO MH 5
MH 4
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.5 m (> 1.2 m)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.8 m (41.3 m – 1.5 m)
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 14 m (from MH 4 to MH 5)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
No of Unit discharge to : 72 + 32 + 28 = 132 unit
(MH4 – MH5)
From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)
= 132 unit x 5 per house
= 660 PE
23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 660 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 148500 litre/day
= 148500/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 1.719 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (660/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.919

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 1.719 x 4.919
= 8.456 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 14
1000
= 157.5 litre/ day
= 157.5
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0018 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 8.456 + 0.0018
= 8.458 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 8.458 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 8.458

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 5 :
MH 5
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.56 m (41.3 m – 39.74 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.74 m ( 39.8 m – 14 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH5 – MH6
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 5 TO MH 6
MH 5
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.56 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.74 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 15 m (from MH 5 to MH 6)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
No of Unit discharge to : 72 + 32 + 28 = 132 unit
(MH4 – MH5)
(from Cafeteria) : 10 m x 10 m = 100 m² (3 person/100m²)
From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)
= 132 unit x 5 per house + 3 PE
= 663 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 663 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 149175 litre/day
= 149175/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 1.727 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (663/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.917

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 1.727 x 4.917
= 8.492 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 15
1000
= 168.75 litre/ day
= 168.75
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0019 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 8.492 + 0.0019
= 8.494 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 8.494 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 8.494

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 6 :
MH 6
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.62 m (41.3 m – 39.68 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.68 m ( 39.74 m – 15 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH6 – MH7
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 6 TO MH 7
MH 6
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.3 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.62 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.68 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 33 m (from MH 6 to MH 7)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
PE : 663 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6)
No of unit discharge to MH7 : 8 + 12 + 12 + 8 + 12 = 52 unit
From Table 1.1- Recommended Population Equivalent (PE)
= 52 unit x 5 per house + 663 PE
= 923 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 923 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 207675 litre/day
= 207675/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 2.404 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (923/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.742

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 2.404 x 4.742
= 11.399 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 33
1000
= 371.25 litre/ day
= 371.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0043 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 11.399 + 0.0043
= 11.403 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 11.403 litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 11.403

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 7 :
MH 7
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.2 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.65 m (41.2 m – 39.55 m) > 1.2 m
(OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.55 m ( 39.68 m – 33 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH7 – MH8
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 7 TO MH 8
MH 7
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.2 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.65 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.55 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 225 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 17 m (from MH 7 to MH 8)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
Population Equivalent : 5 person/unit
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7)

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 923 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 207675 litre/day
= 207675/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 2.404 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (923/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.742

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 2.404 x 4.742
= 11.399 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 225 x 17
1000
= 191.25 litre/ day
= 191.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0022 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 11.399 + 0.0022
= 11.401 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.2658

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.225
= 0.000072

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.225 (2 x 9.81 x 0.225 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0299

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.2658 log [(0.000072 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0299
= - 0.2658 log (0.000084)
= - 0.2658 x – 4.076
= 1.08 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.08 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.08 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.225)²
4
= 0.043 m³/sec
= 43.0 litre/sec ( > 11.401litre/sec)

Q (43.0 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 11.401

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 225 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 8 :
MH 8
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.62 m (41.1 m –39.48 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.48 m ( 39.55 m – 17 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH8 – MH9
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 8 TO MH 9
MH 8
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.64 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.46 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 300 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 30 m (from MH 8 to MH 9)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 300 x 30
1000
= 450 litre/ day
= 450
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0052 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0052
= 27.792 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.307

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.3
= 0.000054

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.3 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0460

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.307 log [(0.000054 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.046
= - 0.307 log (0.00011)
= - 0.307 x – 3.959
= 1.22 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.22 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.22 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.3)²
4
= 0.086 m³/sec
= 86.2 litre/sec ( > 27.792 litre/sec)

Q (86.2 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.792

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 300 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 9 :
MH 9
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.76 m (41.1 m – 39.34 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.34 m ( 39.46 m – 30 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH9
to
MH10
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 9TO MH 10
MH 9
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.76 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.34 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 300 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 15 m (from MH 9 to MH 10)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 300 x 15
1000
= 225 litre/ day
= 225
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0026 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.795 + 0.0026
= 27.795 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.307

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.3
= 0.000054

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.3 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0460

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.307 log [(0.000054 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.046
= - 0.307 log (0.00011)
= - 0.307 x – 3.959
= 1.22 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.22 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.22 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.3)²
4
= 0.086 m³/sec
= 86.2 litre/sec ( > 27.795 litre/sec)

Q (86.2 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.795

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 300 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 10:
MH 10
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.82 m (41.1 m – 39.28 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.28 m ( 39.34 m – 15 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH10
to
MH11
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 10 TO MH 11
MH 10
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.1 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.82 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.28 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 300 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 45 m (from MH 10 to MH 11)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 300 x 45
1000
= 675 litre/ day
= 675
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0078 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0078
= 27.80 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.307

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.3
= 0.000054

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.3 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0460

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.307 log [(0.000054 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.046
= - 0.307 log (0.00011)
= - 0.307 x – 3.959
= 1.22 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.22 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.22 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.3)²
4
= 0.086 m³/sec
= 86.0 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (86.2 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.80

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 300 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 11:
MH 11
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.0 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.9 m (41.1 m – 39.10 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 39.10 m ( 39.28 m – 45 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH11
to
MH12
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 11 TO MH 12
MH 11
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.0 m
Manhole depth (H) : 1.9 m
Invert Level (IL) : 39.10 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 300 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 47 m (from MH 11 to MH 12)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 300 x 47
1000
= 705 litre/ day
= 705
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0082 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0082
= 27.80 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.307

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.3
= 0.000054

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.3 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0460

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.307 log [(0.000054 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.046
= - 0.307 log (0.00011)
= - 0.307 x – 3.959
= 1.22 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.22 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.22 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.3)²
4
= 0.086 m³/sec
= 86.0 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (86.2 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.80

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 300 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 12:
MH 12
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.0 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.09 m (41.0 m – 38.91 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.91 m ( 39.1 m – 47 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH12
to
MH13
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 12 TO MH 13
MH 12
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.0 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.09 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.91 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 300 mm (proposed : vitrified clay pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 40m (from MH 12 to MH 13)
Gradient (S) : 1:250 (1/250 = 0.004)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 300 x 40
1000
= 600 litre/ day
= 600
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0069 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0069
= 27.80 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004)¹/²
= - 0.307

Ks = 0.06/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.3
= 0.000054

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.3 (2 x 9.81 x 0.3 x 0.004) ¹/²

= 0.0460

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.307 log [(0.000054 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.046
= - 0.307 log (0.00011)
= - 0.307 x – 3.959
= 1.22 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:250) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 1.22 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 1.22 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.3)²
4
= 0.086 m³/sec
= 86.0 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (86.2 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.80

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 300 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 13:
MH 13
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.09 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.34 m (41.09 m – 38.75m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.75m ( 38.91 m – 40 m/250 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH13
to
MH14
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 13 TO MH 14
MH 13
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.09 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.29 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.75 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 47 m (from MH 13 to MH 14)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 47
1000
= 881.25 litre/ day
= 881.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0102 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0102
= 27.802 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.80

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 14:
MH 14
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.33 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.68 m (41.33 m – 38.65m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.65m ( 38.75 m – 47 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH14
to
MH15
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 14 TO MH 15
MH 14
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.33 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.68 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.65 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 56 m (from MH 14 to MH 15)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 56
1000
= 1050 litre/ day
= 1050
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0122 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0122
= 27.804 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.804

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 15:
MH 15
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 42.20 m
Manhole depth (H) : 3.67 m (42.20 m – 38.53 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.53m ( 38.65 m – 56 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH15
to
MH16
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 15 TO MH 16
MH 15
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 42.20 m
Manhole depth (H) : 3.67 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.53 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 70 m (from MH 15 to MH 16)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 70
1000
= 1312.5 litre/ day
= 1312.5
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0152 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0152
= 27.807 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.807

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 16:
MH 16
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 42.73 m
Manhole depth (H) : 4.36 m (42.73 m – 38.37 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.37m ( 38.53 m – 70 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH16
to
MH17
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 16 TO MH 17
MH 16
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 42.73 m
Manhole depth (H) : 4.36 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.37 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 75 m (from MH 16 to MH 17)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 75
1000
= 1406.25 litre/ day
= 1406.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0163 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0163
= 27.808 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.808

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 17:
MH 17
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.55 m
Manhole depth (H) : 3.35m (41.55 m – 38.20 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.20m ( 38.37 m – 75 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH17
to
MH18
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 17 TO MH 18
MH 17
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 41.55 m
Manhole depth (H) : 3.35 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.20 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 75 m (from MH 17to MH 18)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 75
1000
= 1406.25 litre/ day
= 1406.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0163 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0163
= 27.808 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.808

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 18:
MH 18
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.76 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.73m (40.76 m – 38.03 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 38.03m ( 38.20 m – 75 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH18
to
MH19
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 18 TO MH 19
MH 18
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.76 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.73 m
Invert Level (IL) : 38.03 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 75 m (from MH 18 to MH 19)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 75
1000
= 1406.25 litre/ day
= 1406.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0163 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0163
= 27.808 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.808

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 19:
MH 19
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.60 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.74 m (40.60 m – 37.86 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 37.86m ( 38.03 m – 75 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH19
to
MH20
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 19 TO MH 20
MH 19
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.60 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.74 m
Invert Level (IL) : 37.86 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 40 m (from MH 19 to MH 20)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 40
1000
= 750 litre/ day
= 750
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0087 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0087
= 27.80 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.80 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.80

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH 20:
MH 20
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.05 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.28 m (40.05 m – 37.77 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
Invert Level (IL) : 37.77 m ( 37.86 m – 40 m/450 )

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
FROM MH20
to
EXISTING MANHOLE DBKL (MH3-45-7A)
 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
MH 20 TO EXISTING MANHOLE DBKL (MH3-45-7A)
MH 20
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.05 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.28 m
Invert Level (IL) : 37.77 m
Diameter pipe (D) : 375 mm (proposed : Reinforce concrete pipe)
Length of pipe (L) : 15 m (from MH 20 to MH3-45-7A)
Gradient (S) : 1:450 (1/450 = 0.0022)
Type of Premises: : Condominium (Residential)
PE : 923 PE
(from MH4 – MH5 – MH6-MH7-MH8)
PE : 1590 PE
(from MH1-MH2-MH3-MH8)

Total PE : 923 + 1590 = 2513 PE

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor

Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 2513 PE x 225 litre/person/day
= 565425 litre/day
= 565425/(24 x 60 x 60)
= 6.544 litre/second

Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000) ‾ º·¹¹

= 4.7 (2513/1000) ‾ º·¹¹
= 4.247

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
= 6.544 x 4.247
= 27.792 litre/second

Infiltration = 50 litre/dia of pipe (mm)/km pipe/day

Infiltration on line = 50 x 375 x 15
1000
= 281.25 litre/ day
= 281.25
24 x 60 x 60
= 0.0033 litre/second
Cumulative Design Flow= 27.792 + 0.0033
= 27.795 litre/second

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
CHECK CAPACITY OF PIPE
Using Colebrook & White Formula:
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]
Where,
V = velocity (m/sec)
S = hydraulic gradient (m/m)
µ = kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10‾ ⁶ m²/s for sewage)
page 30, volume 3, SPAN
D = diameter of pipe (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
Ks = roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3,
SPAN

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
-2 (2g DS)¹/² = - 2 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022)¹/²
= - 0.254

Ks = 0.15/1000
3.7D 3.7 x 0.375
= 0.000108

2.51 µ = 2.51 x 1.0 x 10‾ ⁶

= 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶

D (2gDS) ¹/² = 0.375 (2 x 9.81 x 0.375 x 0.0022) ¹/²

= 0.0477

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
V = - 2 (2g DS)¹/² log [( Ks/3.7D + 2.51 µ/ D (2gDS) ¹/²]

V = - 0.254 log [(0.000108 + 2.51 x 10‾ ⁶ ]

0.0477
= - 0.254 log (0.000161)
= - 0.254 x – 3.793
= 0.96 m/sec ( more than 0.8 m/sec and less than 4.0 m/sec)

Velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec and 4.0 m/sec. Therefore the
proposed gradient (1:450) is sufficient. If the velocity, V is < 0.8 m/sec
Or V is > 4.0 m/sec, the gradient of the sewerage pipe has to be adjusted.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
- HYDRAULIC CALCULATION-
Capacity of Pipe, Q = VxA

= 0.96 m/sec x ᴫЛ D²
4
= 0.96 m/sec x 3.14 x (0.375)²
4
= 0.106 m³/sec
= 106 litre/sec ( > 27.795 litre/sec)

Q (106 litre/sec) is greater than Q (Cumulative Design Flow = 27.795

liter/sec). Therefore the size of the proposed pipe, 375 mm diameter is
sufficient.

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER
Therefore, for MH3-45-7A:
MH 3-45-7A
Ground Level (GL/RL) : 40.19 m
Manhole depth (H) : 2.45 m (40.19 m – 37.74 m) > 1.2 m (OK)
(FROM MH 20)
Invert Level (IL) : 37.74 m ( 37.77 m – 15 m/450 )
(FROM MH20)

Invert Level (IL) : 36.67 m (existing)

Manhole Depth (H) : 3.52 m (existing)

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir

23/06/20 Prepared by Ir. Basir