Gas Processing & Conditioning

30 January – 1 February 2018

Lumire, Jakarta

© Copyright Badak LNG All Rights Reserved

SHEQ Moment

Schedule
30 Jan – 1 Feb 2018
08:00 – 16:00

coffee break 9:30 - 9:45

Lunch break 12:00 - 13:00

2
What are we going to learn in next 3 days….
• Pre-Test
• General Introduction of Natural Gas:
History & Utilization
• Basic Terminology of Atom, Element,
Compound, Molecule
• Basic Hydrocarbon Nomenclature
• Basic Unit of Measurement
• Properties of Hydrocarbon System
• Phase Behaviour
• Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
• Basic Thermodynamic Concept
• Calculation of System Energy Changes
• Process Control & Instrumentation
• Overview of Gas Processing Chain
• Gravity Separation Equipment
• Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger
• Pump
• Compressors
• Basic Absorbtion Fundamental &
AGRU
• Adsorption Dehydration System
• Fractionation System
• Refrigeration System
• LNG Liquefaction Technology-1
• LNG Liquefaction Technology-2
• LNG Liquefaction Technology-3
• Post Test
Pre-Test….

kahoot.it
wifi: LUMIRE-PALEM (voucher)
LUMIRE
 1. General Introduction of Natural
Gas: History & Utilization

© Copyright Badak LNG All Rights Reserved

 Hydrocarbon Family

Name Formula Melting Point (C) Boiling Point (C) State at 25 C

Hydrocarbon

6
 Natural Gas Introduction

 Main Component is methane along with heavier

hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, iso-butane, normal
butane, etc.
 Impurities : non-hydrocarbons, such as nitrogen, hydrogen
sulphide, carbon dioxide and some traces of such compounds
as helium, carbonyl sulphide and various n-mercaptans.
 Generally saturated with water

7
 Natural Gas Nomenclature

CH4,
Methane

C2H6,
Ethane

LNG/CNG
C3H8,
Natural Gas Propane
LPG
C4H10,
Butane

C5H12+,
Pentane Plus

8
 Common Natural Gas Composition
Component Range (mole %)

 Methane  87.0 - 97.0

 Ethane  1.5 - 7.0
 Propane  0.1 - 1.5
 iso - Butane  0.01 - 0.3
 normal - Butane  0.01 - 0.3
 iso - Pentane  trace - 0.04
 normal - Pentane        trace - 0.04
 Hexanes plus  trace - 0.06
 Nitrogen  0.2 - 5.5
 Carbon Dioxide  0.1 - 1.0
 Oxygen  0.01 - 0.1
 Hydrogen    trace - 0.02
 Specific Gravity  0.57 - 0.62
 Gross Heating Value (MJ/m3), dry basis *  36.0 - 40.2
9
General Properties of End Product

LNG/CNG

10
 History of Natural Gas

 For too long was the ugly ducking

 Could not be transported
 Could explode easily
 Was prices as waste
 Was flared
 Was considered scarce

 Evolution:
 World War II created gas highway era
 Post-war gas use became serious
 Environmental bans on other fuels refocused
attention on Natural Gas
 Long safety era eliminated gas fear
 Natural Gas become everyone’s 1st energy choice as
21st century dawned

11
Petroleum Life Cycle

12
Gas Reserves

13
Natural Gas Transportation

14
 General Application-1

Natural gas utilization is all about the transportation!!

15
General Application-2

16
Transportation Cost

17
Strategic Upstream Project in Indonesia

18
Indonesia Gas Infrastructure

19
Future Planning: LNG Supply

20
History of LNG

21
 LNG Plants
Number of LNG Project Commissioning

4
1. Badak LNG
2. Adgas LNG
3

0
64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Source: Wood McKenzie 22

 What is LNG

 Colorless, odorless, non toxic hydrocarbon in very low

temperature liquid form (-160 C)
 Reduces volume of gas 600 times
 Mainly (90% +) is methane, the lightest component in
hydrocarbon family
 Cleanest hydrocarbon fuel, all contaminants are
removed prior to liquefaction process
 Carbon dioxide
 Sulphur compound
 Mercury
 Heavy Hydrocarbon
 Aromatics

23
 Why Liquefaction

Gas
Volume 600

Co
m
d
fie pr
es
ue
se
li q

d
LNG
LNG CNG
CNG

V=1 V=3

Condition Condition
Volume 1/600 gas Volume 1/200 gas
Form Liquid Form Gaseous
Energy density 3 x CNG Energy density 1/3 x LNG
P atm P 200 bar
T -160 C T atm
24
 Why Liquefaction

Liquefaction

Liquid Phase

Gas Phase

• Large volume • Small volume (1/600)

• Need big storage • Can easily be stored
• Less energy density • Higher energy density
• Not so flexible for transportation • Flexible for transportation

25
 LNG Competitiveness: Pricing
Fuel Price, USD/MMBtu

24

21
es ia)
on
18 e l (Ind
se l Fu
D ie
15 e rcial
m
C om
rice of
12 ti veP d one s ia
ca OB I n
Indi NG F
rice of L
9 ti ve P
Indica
6

3
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Crude Oil Price, USD/BBL

26
 LNG Competitiveness: Energy Density
120%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
CNG Methanol LNG Ethanol LPG Gasoline Diesel
@200bar

27
 LNG Competitiveness: Emission Level
Kg-CO2 per MMBtu

100

80

60

40

20

0
CNG LNG LPG Diesel

28
 Utilization
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIES OTHERS
OTHERS

Power Plant

Petrochemical

29
 LNG Distribution Chain

Gas
Gas LNG LNG
Production &
Liquefaction Transportation Regasification
Transmission

30
 Thank you

© Copyright Badak LNG All Rights Reserved 31