TENSES

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TENSE IS IMPORTANT AS…..
Effective communication skills of English
language is necessary for the people of
all professions. The concept of English
verb tenses is very important in
establishing effective communication.
Hence for maintaining both ways of
communication better i.e. speaking and
writing.
WHAT IS TENSE?
Words which denotes time reference in
context to the moment of speaking, doing
or happening something is known as Tense.
Tenses are usually manifested by the use
of specific forms of verbs, particularly in
their conjugation pattern.
 BASIC VERB FORMS
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
present past Past Present infinitive
participle participle

count counted counte countin To

d g count
give gave given giving To give

go went gone going To go

run ran run running To run
STRUCTURE OF BASIC SENTENCES
S + verb+ o.

 Affirmative sentences-
S + helping verb + main verb + o.
 Negative sentence
S + helping verb + not + main verb + o.
 Interrogative sentence
Helping verb + S + main verb + o?
TENSE-CHART
present past future
simple do/does did will/shall

continuo is/are/am was/were will be /shall

us be
perfect has/have had will have
/shall have
Perfect has been had been will have
continuo /have been been
us
 SIMPLE TENSES
Simple tense is used when the action is taking
place in general.

 Simple Present Tense is used to describe an

action that's happening at present and does not
indicate when the action is expected to end.
 Simple past tense is used to narrate an action of
the past.
 Simple future tense Is used when an action will
begin and end in future.
 SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I run fast. I do not run Do I run fast?

fast.

You run fast. You do not run Do you run

fast. fast?

He runs fast. He does not run Does he run

fast. fast?
 SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I ran fast. I did not run Did I run fast?

fast.

You ran fast. You did not Did you run

run fast. fast?

He ran fast. He did not run Did he run

fast. fast?
 SIMPLE FUTURE
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I shall run fast. I shall not run Shall I run

fast. fast?

You will run You will not Will you run

fast. run fast. fast?

He will run He will not run Will he run

fast. fast. fast?
 CONTINUOUS TENSES
 Unlike simple tenses, progressive or continuous
tenses are slightly more complex. They talk
about events that are unfinished or ongoing as
we speak.
 Present Continuous Tense is used to describe a
continued or ongoing action at the present
time. It expresses an action which is in progress
at the time of speaking and has not yet been
completed.
 Past continuous tense is used to indicate an
ongoing event in the past.
 Future continuous tense is used to denote an
event that is ongoing in the future.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I am running I am not Am I running

fast. running fast. fast?

You are You are not Are you

running fast. running fast. running fast?

He is running He is not Is he running

fast. running fast. fast?
PAST CONTINUOUS
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I was running I was not Was I running

fast. running fast. fast?

You were You were not Were you

running fast. running fast. running fast?

He was He was not Was he

running fast. running fast. running fast?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative(-) Question (?)
(+)

I shall be I shall not be shall I be

running fast. running fast. running fast?

You will be You will not Will you be

running fast. be running running fast?
fast.
He will be He will not be Will he be
running fast. running fast. running fast?
 PERFECT TENSES
Present Perfect Tense is used in case of
repeated actions, in those actions where the
time is not important, and actions that began in
the past but are not finished yet
 Past Perfect Tense  an event that happened in
the past and was completed in the past.

 Future Perfect Tense is used to refer to an

action which will start and be completed at
some time in the future.
PRESENT PERFECT
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I have run I have not run Have I run

fast. fast. fast?

You have run You have not Have you run

fast. run fast. fast?

He has run He has not run Has he run

fast. fast. fast?
PAST PERFECT
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I had run fast. I had not run Had I run fast?

fast.

You had run You had not Had you run

fast. run fast. fast?

He had run He had not Had he run

fast. run fast. fast?
FUTURE PERFECT
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)

I shall have I shall not Shall I have

run fast. have run fast. run fast?

You will have You will not Will you have

run fast. have run fast. run fast?

He will have He will not Will he have

run fast. have run fast. run fast?
 PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense is generally
used to describe or indicate an event that is
going on at this moment.
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to
describe actions that were going on in the past
up until another action in the past happened.
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to
describe an event that is ongoing and will
complete sometime in the future. A time
reference is used to indicate the starting time of
the event or action or how long it has been
continuing.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)
I have been I have not been Have I been
running fast for 1 running fast for running fast for 1
hour. 1 hour. hour?
You have been You have not Have you been
running fast for 1 been running running fast for 1
hour. fast for 1 hour. hour?

He has been He has not been Has he been

running fast for 1 running fast for running fast for 1
hour. 1 hour. hour?
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)
I had been I had not been Had I been
running fast for 1 running fast for running fast for 1
hour. 1 hour. hour?
You had been You had not Had you been
running fast for 1 been running running fast for 1
hour. fast for 1 hour. hour?

He had been He had not Had he been

running fast for 1 been running running fast for 1
hour. fast for 1 hour. hour?
 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Question (?)
I shall have been I shall not have Shall I have been
running fast for 1 been running running fast for 1
hour. fast for 1 hour. hour?
You will have You will not Will you have
been running fast have been been running
for 1 hour. running fast for fast for 1 hour?
1 hour.

He will have been He will not have Will he have

running fast for 1 been running been running
hour. fast for 1 hour. fast for 1 hour?
 INTEGRATED EXERCISE
Find the error in each part of the paragraph and write
the error and correction in the given blanks-
 One day when he is fifty years (a) _____ ______
 Old, he went out of his room, left the (b) _____ ___
 Dog asleep, on the table, lie his (c)______ _____
 Papers. They contained all the discovery, which(d) ___
___
 he had made while the last twenty years. When (e) ___
___
 he was gone, up raise, little Dimond. He(f) ______ _____
 Jumped upon the table and overthrow the lighted (g)___
__
 candle.The papers caught fire. They were reduce (h)__
__
 To a heap of ashes
 INTEGRATED EXERCISE
Find the error in each part of the paragraph and
write the error and correction in the given blanks-
 One day when he is fifty years (a) is /was
 Old, he went out of his room, left the (b) left / leaving
 Dog asleep, on the table, lie his (c) lie / lay
 Papers.They contained all the discovery, which(d)discovery
/discoveries
 he had made while the last twenty years. When (e) while /
during
 he was gone, up rise, little Dimond. He(f) rise / rose
 Jumped upon the table and overthrow the (g) overthrow
/overthrew
 lighted candle. The papers caught fire. They were reduce(h)
reduce/reduced
 To a heap of ashes