CALAMITY AND

DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
INTRODUCTION
 Disasters are as old as Mankind.
 The first description of Disaster and its management comes
from “Noah” and his ark.
 Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology,
Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures.
DISASTER
 Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services
on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area.
- World Health Organization
DISASTER
 A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or man made that causes
human suffering and creates human needs
that victim cannot alleviate without
assistance.
- American Red Cross
NATURAL DISASTER
 A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural
hazard affects humans and/or the built environment.
 Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate
emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact.
MAN-MADE OR HUMAN INDUCED
DISASTER
 Man-made disasters are the consequence of
technological or human hazards.
 Examples: stampedes, fires, transport accidents,
industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation.
FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
DISASTER
• Predictability
• Controllability
• Speed of onset
• Length of forewarning
• Duration of impact
• Scope and intensity of
impact
PHASES OF DISASTER
 DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121
otherwise known as PDRRM ACT of 2010

An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management System, Providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework, Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds
Therefore, and for Other Purposes
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• The body of policy and administrative decisions
and operational activities that pertain to various
stages of a disaster at all levels.
• Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and
responding to disasters, including both pre and
post disaster activities.
 PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of
government.
 Disaster management should use resources that exist for a
day-to-day purpose.
 Organizations should function as an extension of their core
business.
 Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
 Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale
events.
 PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 Disaster management planning should recognize the
difference between incidents and disasters.
 Disaster management planning must take account of the
type of physical environment and the structure of the
population.
 Disaster management arrangements must recognise the
involvement and potential role of non- government
agencies.
WHAT TO PREPARE?
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
It is an on-going multi-sectoral activity. Integral
part of the national system responsible for
developing plans and programmes for disaster
management, prevention, mitigation, response,
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out:
 Evaluation of the risk.
 Adopt standards and regulations.
 Organize communication and response
mechanism.
 Ensure all resources- ready and easily
mobilized.
 Develop public education programmes.
 Coordinate information with news media.
 Disaster simulation exercises.
MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS & MASS
CASUALTY
Developing and capacity building of medical team for
• Trauma & psycho-social care,
• Mass casualty management and Triage.
• Determine casualty handling capacity of all hospitals.
• Formulate appropriate treatment procedures.
• Involvement of private hospitals.
• Mark would be care centers that can function as a medical
units.
• Identify structural integrity and approach routes.
DISASTER IMPACT
DISASTER RESPONSE
 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease
control
 Vaccination
 Nutrition
REHABILITATION PHASE
 Water supply
 Food safety
 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
 Vector control
 DISASTER MITIGATION
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
• These include depending upon the disaster, protection of
vulnerable population and structure.
• Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses
and such other buildings so that medical causalities
can be minimized.
• Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public
health services including water supply and sewerage system
to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
DISASTER EFFECTS
 Deaths
 Disability
 Increase in communicable disease
 Psychological problems
 Food shortage
 Socioeconomic losses
 Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
 Environmental disruption
DISASTER RECOVERY

• Successful Recovery Preparation

• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Psychological support
• Referrals to hospital as needed
• Remain alert for environmental health
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger