TRANSMISSION CONTROL

PROTOCOL (TCP) /
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
By: John Angelo M. Garcia
 WHAT IS TCP/IP ?
It is a short term for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet
Protocol that is defined as a set of rules governing
communications among all computers on the Internet. More
specifically, TCP/IP dictates how information should be
packaged, sent, and received as well as how to get its
destination.

NOTE: TCP/IP was developed in 1978 and driven by Bob Kahn and
Vint Cerf.
 HOW DOES TCP/IP WORK?
TCP/IP is a combination of two separate protocols: TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol) and IP ( Internet Protocol). The
Internet Protocol standard dictates the logistic packets sent out over
networks; it tells packets where to go and how to get there. IP has a
method that lets any computer on the Internet forward a packet to
another computer that is one or more intervals closer to the packet’s
recipient. You can think of it like workers in a line passing boulders
from a quarry to a mining cart.
 The Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) is responsible for ensuring the
reliable transmission of data across the
Internet-connected networks. TCP checks
packets for errors and submit requests for
re-transmission if any are found.
THREE MOST COMMON
TCP/IP PROTOCOLS

• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP
 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER
PROTOCOL (HTTP)
Used between a web client and a web server, for non-
secure data transmissions. A web client (i.e., Internet
browser on a computer) sends a request to a web server [to
view a web page. The web server receives that request and
sends the web page information back to the web client.
 When accessing any web page entering http:// in
front of the address tells the browser to communicate
over HTTP. For example, the URL for Computer Hope
is https://www.computerhope.com. Todays browsers no
longer require HTTP in front of the URL since it is the
default method of commutation. However, it is kept in
browsers of the need to separate protocols such as FTP.
 FACTS ABOUT HTTP
• The term HTTP was coined by Ted Nelson.
• HTTP is a stateless protocol.
• The standard port for HTTP connections is port 80
• HTTP/0.9 was the first version of HTTP, was introduced in 1991.
• HTTP/0.1 is specified in RFC 1945, and was introduced in 1996.
• HTTP/1.1 is specified in RFC 2616, and was officially released in
January 1997.
 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
SECURE (HTTPS)

Used between a web client and web server, for secure data
transmissions. Often used for sending credit card transaction
data or private data from a web client to a web server. HTTPS
is used is used to protect transmitted data from eavesdropping.

• HTTPS uses port 443 to transfer its information.

• HTTPS is first used in HTTP/1.1 and is defined in RFC 2616.
 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(FTP)
Used between two or more computer. One
computer sends data to or receives data from
another computer directly. An example of how
FTP is used today is by web developers, who
connect their web server using FTP client or FTP
program to send updated versions of web page.
 FTP HISTORY
Short for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was first
proposed on April 16 1971 by Abhay Bhushan
for and developed for implementation on hosts at
MIT. FTP was later defined by RFC 959 that was
published in 1985.
 WHAT PORT IS FTP ?
• FTP uses network ports 20 and 21.
• BFTP uses port 152
• FTP over TSL/SSL uses ports 989 and 990
• NI FTP uses port 47
• RS FTP uses port 26
 DIFFERENT LAYERS OF
TCP/ IP
• Network Access Layer
This layer is concerned with building packets.

• Internet Layer
 This layer uses Internet Protocol (IP) to describe
how packets are to be delivered.
• Transport Layer
 This layer utilizes User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) to ensure the proper transmission of data.

• Application Layer
 This layer deals with application network processes. These
processes include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING