CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
BIOL 131: Anatomy and Physiology
Objectives
(what you need to know)

1. Describe the components of blood.

2. Draw and label a human heart.
3. Reconstruct the flow of blood through the heart.
4. Describe the intrinsic conduction system and label the parts.
5. Distinguish between arteries, veins and capillaries.
6. Label major arteries and veins in the human body.
7. Create a clay model of the heart and major arteries.
8. Relate the urinary system to cardio output
 Blood
Review
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Thrombocytes
 Blood Review
Cell Type Nucleated? Erythrocytes
■Function Number
Erythrocytes ■ Leukocytes
■ Thrombocytes
Leukocytes

Thrombocytes
 Blood Review
Cell Type Nucleated? ■Function Number
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes No Gas 4.2-6.2
■ Leukocytes
exchange mil/µL
Leukocytes Yes Thrombocytes
■ Immune 5-10 k/µL
response
Thrombocytes No Clotting 130-
factors 360k/µL
 LEFT and RIGHT
refer to the
PATIENT’S
perspective

VEINS – to ❤️
ARTERIES –
away from ❤️
RIGHT LEFT
Right: deoxygenated blood

Left: oxygenated blood

 Heart Anatomy
■ Atria: where blood returns to
heart
■ Ventricles: Where blood is
expelled from the heart
– Larger and thicker
– Why?
■ Atrioventricular Valves: also
called tri- and bi-cuspid valves.
Between atria and ventricles.
■ Semilunar Valves: between
ventricles and vessels that exit
heart
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
1 Minute Heart!
Structures of the Heart
■ Right atrium ■ Apex
■ Right AV (tricuspid) valve ■ Left ventricle
■ Tendinous cords ■ Left AV (bicuspid- mitral) valve
■ Right ventricle ■ Left atrium
■ Pulmonary semilunar valve ■ Aortic Valve
■ Interventricular septum ■ Pulmonary trunk

■ Papillary muscles ■ Left pulmonary veins

■ Left pulmonary artery
■ Superior vena cava
■ Inferior vena cava
■ Right pulmonary artery
■ Aorta
■ Right pulmonary veins
PATHWAY THROUGH
THE HEART
Pathway through the heart
1. IVC and SVC
2. R. atrium
3. TCV to R. ventricle
4. PSL to pulmonary trunk
5. R. and L. pulmonary arteries to lungs
6. R. and L. pulmonary veins to L. atrium
7. BCV to L. ventricle
8. ASL to ascending aorta
9. Descending aorta to body in arteries
10. Gas exchange in capillaries
11. Return to R. atrium through vena cava
CONDUCTION
SYSTEM
Helpful Videos
■ Crash course biology A&P Playlist:
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ZZ6tcxArI&index=25&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNa
Pno5h3Zs8
– 3:26 Pathway through the heart
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLBMwcvOaEo&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNaPno5h3
Zs8&index=26
– 4:00 Conduction System

■ Doppler Echocardiogram
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVZ7jvsgyU4

■ Beating Heart
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZNa_I4xBnk
BLOOD VESSELS
 Vessel Anatomy
■ Arteries: Thick-walled, carries
blood away from the heart
– Stronger and Thicker
– Why?
■ Veins: Vessels that carry blood to
the heart
– Larger
– Why?
■ Capillaries: small vessels that
function in gas exchange.
– Tunica interna only
– Connects arteries and capillaries
 Blood vessels review
Vessel Layers Function Differences
Artery

Vein

Capillary
 Blood vessels review
Vessel Layers Function Differences
Artery Tunica externa Carry Strong, thicker
Tunica media oxygenated walls
Tunica interna blood
Vein Tunica externa Carry Larger, not as
Tunica media deoxygenated strong
Tunica interna blood
Capillary Tunica Interna Gas exchange Low pressure
 Arteries Veins
Aortic Arch Superior Vena cava
Brachiocephalic trunk
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein You need to know
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Axillary vein
Brachial vein
ALL of these
Radial artery Radial vein arteries and veins.
Ulnar artery Ulnar Vein
Palmar arches Venous palmar arches
Superior ulnar collateral Posterior tibial vein
Radial collateral Renal vein Please remember
Renal artery Common iliac vein
Common iliac artery External iliac vein that veins and
External iliac artery
Femoral Artery
Femoral vein
Popliteal vein arteries are in
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial vein
Internal jugular vein
layers.
Common carotid artery External jugular vein
URINARY SYSTEM
Urinary
System..?
Holds 25% of cardiac
output.. Why?
Urinary
System..? • Kidney
• Renal Artery
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra
 Kidney
■ Kidney
– Bean shape!
– Filter blood and
make urine
Renal Artery

■ Renal Artery
– Branches out from abdominal aorta
to renal pelvis
– Supplies 25% of cardiac output
 Ureters

■ Ureters
– Smooth muscle fibers
that transport urine from
kidneys to urinary
bladder
Bladder

■ Bladder
– Hollow, muscular organ that collects
urine from kidneys for excretion.
Urethra
 Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add

Median Cubital
Basilic
Cephalic
These are the major veins
used to draw blood. We
are going to build these!