STAIRCASE

SUBMITTED BY
1. RAFIELA I. JANA
2. RILARYMPEI MARBANIANG
3. SHUBHAM KUMAR
STAIR
A stair is a system of steps
by which people and objects
may pass from one level of a
building to another.
A stair is to be designed to
span large vertical distance
by dividing it into smaller
vertical distance, called
steps.
STAIRCASE

STAIRCASE
A set of stairs is known as a
staircase
STAIR
 COMPONENTS OF STAIRCASE
BALUSTER- It is a vertical member
of wood or metal supporting the
hand rail

HANDRAIL-The inclined rail over

the string is called handrail

NEWEL POST- This is the vertical

member which is placed at the
ends of flights to connect
handrails.

SCOTIA- It is the stair MOULDING

provided under the nosing to
improve the elevation of the step

WAIST-The thickness of structural

slab in case of an RCC stair is
known as waist

NOSING-The projecting part of the

tread beyond the face of the riser .
STEP- It is a portion of stairs which provide
ascent or descent

TREAD- It is the upper horizontal portion of

a step upon which the feet is placed

RISER- It is a vertical portion between two

successive tread providing support to the
tread

GOING- It is the horizontal distance

between two successive riser faces.

FLIGHT- A series of steps without any

platform, break or landing.

LANDING-It is a level platform at the top or

bottom of a flight between two floors.

PITCH- It is the angle with the line of nosing

of the stairs make with the horizontal
LINE OF NOSING- An imaginary line
touching each tread and is parallel to
the slope of the stair

RUN- it is the total length of stairs in a

horizontal plane

HEADROOM- it is the minimum

distance between the tread and
ceiling. MIN. headroom 2.032 m

STRING OR STRINGERS- these are

sloping wooden member which
support the steps in a stair. They run
along the slope of the stair.

BALUSTRADE- the combine framework

of handrail and baluster .
 TYPES OF MOVEMENTS IN
BUILDINGS
There are two types of movement in
buildings-:

1. Horizontal movement- Horizontal

circulation include hallways, paths,
entries and exits, etc.
Horizontal movement

2. Vertical movement- The movement

of people up and down the building
is known as vertical movements. It
includes stairs, lifts, ramps,
escalators etc. these allow us to
move from on level to another.

Vertical movement
 CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRS
A. GEOMETRY B. MATERIALS

• Straight stairs • Brick stairs

• Turning stairs • Metal stairs
1. Quarter turn stairs • R.C.C stair
2. Half turn stairs • Timber stair
 Doglegged stairs • Stone stair
 Newel stairs
3. Three quarter turn stairs
4. Spiral stairs
5. Geometrical stairs
 STRAIGHT STAIRS
• All steps lead in one direction
• Consist of one or more flight
• They are used when space
available for staircase is long but
narrow in width
• The width and the length of the
landing should be equal
TURNING STAIRS
1. Quarter turn stairs
2. Half turn stairs
3. Three quarter turn stairs

QUARTER TURN STAIRS/

L shape stairs
• This type of stairs is commonly used in
the public buildings near the entrance
hall
• The stairs has a wider flight at bottom
which bifurcates into two narrow flights
at the landing (one turn into left and the
other turn to the right)
• Equal or unequal flights
HALF TURN STAIRS
• A stairs turning to right angle is known as
half turn stairs
• A half turn stairs may be of dog legged
type or open newel type

DOG LEGGED STAIR

• Two short flights with a half space landing
between them
• The flight run in opposite directions and
there is no space between them in plan
• This stairs are useful where total width of
space available for the staircase is equal to
twice the width of steps
OPEN NEWEL STAIRS
• Space between the upper and lower flights
cause half space landing to be longer
• There is a well or hole between flights in
plan
• Rectangular or geometry shape and can be
used for fixing lifts
• This staircase is useful where available
space for staircase has a width greater than
twice the width od steps

THREE QUARTER TURN STAIR

• A stair turning to three right angle
• An open well is formed
• Used when the length of the staircase is
limited and when the vertical distance
between two floor is quite large
SPIRAL STAIRS
• The steps radiate from the centre and they do
not have either any landing or any
intermediate newel post
• Important facts
1. Flights consist of winders only and maybe
continued through any number of turns
2. Constructed of a cast iron or mild steel or
concrete
3. The steel reinforcement is heavy and
formwork is complicated and expensive
4. Useful where the space available is limited
and where the traffic is less eg. Shops
GEOMETRICAL STAIRCASE

• Continuous stairs that turn or wind about a

central well hole which has rounded corners
that have string and rails running
continuous from top to bottom
• Have any geometrical post and requires no
newel post
• The handrails run continuous without
interruption and without turns
• Requires skills and weaker
STAIRS OF DIFFERENT
MATERIALS

Brick stairs

• Not frequently used

• May be built of solid
masonry or arches may
be provided in a lower
portion
• Treads are generally made
equal to length 1.5 bricks
and risers with the layers
of 2 bricks respectively
• The tread and riser are
finished with suitable
flooring materials
METAL STAIRS
external fire escape stairs are made of metals
cast iron bronze and mild steel
Not common in public and residential
buildings
Used in factories go downs workshops etc

R.C.C STAIRS
• Used in all types of constructions for residential
public and industrial buildings
• Good fire resistance
• Easily moulded
• Finishing materials such as marble tile
• Easily maintained clean strong durable and
pleasing in appearance
• Non slippery
WOODEN STAIRS
Cheap, light in weight, easy to construct
For residential buildings
Important factor
1. Joints connecting riser and tread should be
nailed and screwed
2. Stringers may be open string or close string
3. A metal strip should be provided on the
nosing to increase its resistance against wear
and tear

STONE STAIRS
• Harland non absorbent
• Posses enough resistance to the action of fire
• Warehouses workshops and other public
buildings
• Widely used where ashlar stones are available
• Restricted in residential buildings to outside
stairs.being heavy in weight stone stairs
requires stable support to avoid the danger of
damage due to settlement of supporting wall
HUNG STAIRS

Floating stairs are simply stairs without

any supporting structure underneath the
steps.

FOLDED STAIRS

The folded plate staircase is a self-

supporting construction without
stringers.