ACID OR BASE

PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES ACCORDING TO BOYLE

 In 1661 Robert Boyle summarized the properties of acids as follows.

 1. Acids have a sour taste.
 2. Acids are corrosive.
 3. Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes, such as litmus,
from blue to red.
 4. Acids lose their acidity when they are combined with alkalies.
 The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus, which means "sour,"
and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids.
 Examples: Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic
acid in water. Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid.
Milk turns sour when it spoils because lactic acid is formed, and the
unpleasant, sour odor of rotten meat or butter can be attributed to
compounds such as butyric acid that form when fat spoils.
 In 1661 Boyle summarized the properties of alkalies as follows.
 Alkalies feel slippery.
 Alkalies change the color of litmus from red to blue.
 Alkalies become less alkaline when they are combined with acids.
 In essence, Boyle defined alkalies as substances that consume, or
neutralize, acids. Acids lose their characteristic sour taste and ability
to dissolve metals when they are mixed with alkalies. Alkalies even
reverse the change in color that occurs when litmus comes in
contact with an acid. Eventually alkalies became known
as bases because they serve as the "base" for making certain salts.
SAMPLE COLOR ACID OR BASE
CALAMANSI RED TO RED (STILL) ACID
BLUE TO RED (STRONGLY ACIDIC)
TAP WATER RED TO BLUE ACID
BLUE TO BLUE (WEAKLY ACIDIC)
(STILL)
DISTILLED WATER RED TO PURPLE NUETRAL
BLUE TO PURPLE
SALT AND WATER RED TO GREEN BASE
BLUE TO GREEN
SOFTDRINKS RED TO RED (STILL) ACID
BLUE TO PALE RED (STRONGLY ACIDIC)
VINEGAR RED TO RED (STILL) ACID
BLUE TO RED (STRONGLY ACIDIC)

POWDERED JUICE RED TO BLUE ACID

BLUE TO (WEAKLY ACIDIC)
SHAMPOO RED TO GREEN BASE
BLUE TO GREEN

DETERGENT RED TO GREEN BASE

BLUE TO GREEN

TOOTHPASTE RED TO GREEN BASE

BLUE TO GREEN

COCONUT RED TO BLUE ACID

WATER BLUE TO BLUE (WEAKLY
(STILL) ACIDIC)
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

Which of the following is an acid and a base?

ACID:
 Calamansi

 Tap water

 Softdrinks

 Vinegar

 Coconut water

 Powdered juice
BASE:
 Salt and water
 Shampoo
 Detergent

 Toothpaste
HOW DID YOU IDENTIFY OR DETERMINE THE ACIDIC OR BASIC
SUBSTANCES?

 To determine whether a substance is an acid or a

base, count the hydrogens on each substance
before and after the reaction. If the number of
hydrogens has decreased that substance is the
acid (donates hydrogen ions). If the number of
hydrogens has increased that substance is the
base (accepts hydrogen ions). These definitions
are normally applied to the reactants on the left.
DOCUMENTARY:
ACID AND
BASE