Philippine Precolonial Literature Spanish Colonial Philippine Literature American Colonization Japanese Period Post War and Contemporary Period

PHILIPPINE PRECOLONIAL
LITERATURE
SPANISH COLONIAL PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
AMERICAN COLONIZATION
JAPANESE PERIOD
POST WAR AND
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
LITERATURE
-The precolonial literature of the Philippines was marked by our
ancestors’ daily observations about life, explanations for natural
phenomena, and beginnings of rituals. These also function as an
explanation for society and culture as they know it to be.
-Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already brimming

with a rich tradition of oral literature
-Early Filipinos weaved together countless myths and legends to

explain certain phenomena in life.
LITERATURE
-They had stories to tell on how the world was created- why there
is a sun in the morning and the moon at night, how a mountain was
formed, why there are earthquakes, and other life events.
-However, because paper was not invented yet, many of these

tales were not preserved and have vanished from local knowledge
LITERATURE
Proverbs
-are practical observations and philosophy of everyday life
that are written usually in a rhyming scheme. It is
obviously meant to entertain while teaching basic skills in
surviving local life.
-Also defined as a brief popular saying that gives advice

about how people should live or that expresses a belief that
is generally thought to be true.
LITERATURE
Proverbs
-In Filipino, these are called “salawikain”
Examples: Kung ano ang puno, siya ang

bunga
(Whatever the tree, so is the fruit)
Kung walang tiyaga, walang nilaga
(If you don’t persevere, you can
expect no reward)
LITERATURE
Legends
-form of prose the common theme of which is about the origin
of a thing, place, location, or name
-the events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable
-old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends

LITERATURE
Folk Tales
-made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor
where one can derive lessons about life
-these are useful to us because they help us appreciate our

environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our
perspectives in life
LITERATURE
Epics
-are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic
achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at
length
Examples: -Bidasari-Moro epic

-Biag ni Lam-ang-Ilokano epic
-Indarapatra at Sulayman
-Bantugan
LITERATURE
Folk Songs
-one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged
in the pre-Spanish period
-these songs mirrored the early forms of culture
-many of these have 12 syllables
Examples: Kundiman (Awit ng Pag-ibig/Song of Love)

Kumintang o Tagumpay (War Song)
Diana (Wedding Song)
Talindaw (Boatman’s Song)
LITERATURE
Epigrams/ Salawikain
-customarily used and served as laws or rules on good
behavior by our ancestors
-to others, these impart lessons for the young
Example: Aanhin pa ang damo

Kung patay na ang kabayo
(What is the use of grass
If the horse is already dead?)
LITERATURE
Riddles/ Bugtong/ Palaisipan
-made up if one or more measured lines with
rhyme and may consist of 4-12 syllables
Example: May binti, walang hita

May tuktok, walang muha.
(Has leg, no thigh
Has top, no face)
(MUSHROOM)
LITERATURE
Chant/ Bulong
-used in witchcraft or enchantment
Example: Ikaw ang nagnanakaw ng bigas ko

Lumuwa sana ang mga mata mo
Mamaga sana ang katawan mo
Patayin ka ng mga anito
(You stole my rice
May your eyes bulge
And you body swell
Be killed by the anitos (gods)
LITERATURE
Maxims
-Some are rhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables, each line
having the same number of syllables
Example: Pag hindi ukol

Hindi bubukol
(What is not intended for one
Will not bear fruit)
LITERATURE
Sayings/ Kasabihan
-often used in teasing or to comment on a person’s
actuations
Example: Putak, putak

Batang duwag
Matapang ka’t
Nasa pugad
Putak putak (a sound made by a cackling hen)
Cowardly child
You’re brave only because you are in your nest
LITERATURE
Sawikain
-sayings with no hidden meaning
Example: Nasa Diyos ang awa

Nasa tao ang gawa
(In God we trust
In man, the effort to work
LITERATURE (1565-1898)
-Paved way for the use of paper and so written literature in the
Philippines was born
-When the Spaniards came, there was an immediate shift on the focus of
literature
-It became centered on the Christian faith, and the stories about natural
phenomena suddenly became all about the lives of saints and other
religious hymns
-Spain also brought to the country ideas about internationalism that

influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to understand
the meaning of “liberty and freedom”
-Slowly, Philippine literature started to emulate the traditional Spanish
ways of themes and forms in writing, including the repetitive plots and
obvious shadowy characters
-Despite these changes, Filipinos still found a way to make Spanish

literature their own
-“Ladinos”, Filipinos who know both Spanish and Tagalog, were

included in catechisms during that period to teach Filipinos the Spanish
language
Corrido
-is a legendary religious narrative form that usually

details the lives of saints or the history of a tradition
Awit
-is a chivalric poem about a hero, usually about a saint.
It is also usually sung and used in religious processions
Pasyon
-is a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, beginning
from his birth and up to his death. This is usually sung during
Lenten season. Many women were trained before to perform
the Pasyon. Nowadays, it is sung by seasoned performers in
churches nationwide
Cenaculo
-is the dramatization of the passion of Christ. It highlights the sufferings
and death of Jesus Christ and it is also done during Lenten season
Moro-moro or Comedia de Capa y Espada
-is a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the conflict of

Christians and Muslims. It is usually about battles to the death
and the proofs of faith
Carillo
-is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. This is created by
animating figures made from cardboard, which are projected onto
white screen
Tibag
-is the dramatic reenactment of St, Helena’s search for the Holy Cross.
St. Helena is the mother of Constantine and is oftentimes credited to
have influenced her son to be the great Christian leader he is known
for today
-She is also well-known to have traveled to Syria to look for relics of

Jesus Christ’s cross, the one that was used in his crucifixion. It is also
widely believed that she found it in the same country
Duplo/ Karagatan
-are native dramas that are connected to Catholic

mourning rituals and harvest celebrations
Zarzuela
-is probably one of the most famous forms of entertainment
back in the Spanish era
-Zarzuelas are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with the

elemental passions of human beings
-A zarzuela follows a certain plot, which shows either a satirical look at

society or a begrudged life
AMERICAN COLONIZATION (1898-
1941)
-Filipino writers imitated English and American models
-Highly influenced by western literary trends like romanticism and

realism.
Romanticism- a style of art, literature, during the late 18th and early 19th centuries
that emphasized the imagination and emotions
Realism- a style of art or literature that shows or describes people and things as they
are in real life
-Use of free verse, traditional rhyme and meter, and vernacular
-Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry,
stories, plays, essays, and novels
1941)
-Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings
for independence
-During the first year of the American period, the languages used in
writing were Spanish and Tagalog and dialects from different regions, but
Spanish and Tagalog predominated
1941)
Short stories
-there were still remnants of Spanish influence in the

use of expressions that were florid, sentimental,
exaggerated and bombastic
-the influence of the Western culture also was

already evident
1941)
Novels
-variation of themes such as interplay of fate, love, social and
justice
1941)
Poetry
-free verse, odes and sonnets
1941)
Essays
-more on the editorial type
-informal essay, criticism and journalistic column were

introduced
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
-topics and themes were often about life in the provinces
-common theme of most poems during the Japanese

occupation was nationalism, country, love, life in the barrios,
faith, religion and arts
HAIKU
-a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked
-it was made up of 17 syllables divided into 3 lines
-the first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables,

and the third, 5 syllables
TANAGA
-like the HAIKU, is short but it had

measure and rhyme
-each line had 17 syllables

KARANIWANG ANYO/ USUAL FORM

POST WAR AND CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD
-the flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages

continue especially with the appearance of new publications
after Martial Law
-various literary awards like Don Carlos Palanca Memorial

Awardsfor Literature has been introduced

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PHILIPPINE PRECOLONIAL

-Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already brimming

-Early Filipinos weaved together countless myths and legends to

-However, because paper was not invented yet, many of these

-Also defined as a brief popular saying that gives advice

Examples: Kung ano ang puno, siya ang

-the events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable

-old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends

-these are useful to us because they help us appreciate our

Examples: -Bidasari-Moro epic

Examples: Kundiman (Awit ng Pag-ibig/Song of Love)

-to others, these impart lessons for the young

Example: Aanhin pa ang damo

Example: May binti, walang hita

Example: Ikaw ang nagnanakaw ng bigas ko

Example: Pag hindi ukol

Example: Putak, putak

Example: Nasa Diyos ang awa

-Spain also brought to the country ideas about internationalism that

-Despite these changes, Filipinos still found a way to make Spanish

-“Ladinos”, Filipinos who know both Spanish and Tagalog, were

-is a legendary religious narrative form that usually

Moro-moro or Comedia de Capa y Espada

-is a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the conflict of

-She is also well-known to have traveled to Syria to look for relics of

-are native dramas that are connected to Catholic

-Zarzuelas are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with the

-A zarzuela follows a certain plot, which shows either a satirical look at

-Highly influenced by western literary trends like romanticism and

-there were still remnants of Spanish influence in the

-the influence of the Western culture also was

-informal essay, criticism and journalistic column were

-topics and themes were often about life in the provinces

-common theme of most poems during the Japanese

-it was made up of 17 syllables divided into 3 lines

-the first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables,

-like the HAIKU, is short but it had

-each line had 17 syllables

KARANIWANG ANYO/ USUAL FORM

-the flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages

-various literary awards like Don Carlos Palanca Memorial

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