FIBER OPTICS AND NETWORKS

15EC82
MODULE 5 : OPTICAL NETWORKS
OVERVIEW

• Optical network deployment

• Long-haul networks
• Metropolitan area networks
OPTICAL NETWORK
DEPLOYMENT
LONG-HAUL NETWORKS
 A long-haul network as the name implies is a network
connecting several regional or
national networks together.

 These networks are also referred to as core or backbone

networks and they also interconnect other long-haul
networks to extend global interconnectivity between
national domains.
 Long-haul optical fiber networks are now classified in relation
to their maximum achievable distance without optical signal
regeneration as
 long-haul, extended long-haul (ELH)
 ultra long-haul (ULH).
 The ranges of the transmission distances for these designations
are :

 long-haul optical fiber networks from 600 to 1000 km;

 extended long-haul (ELH) from 1000 to 2000 km;
 ultra long-haul (ULH) from 2000 to 4000 km.
 Submerged or transoceanic optical fiber networks typically cover very long distances
between the continents (i.e. in the 3000 to 10 000 km range) where most of the optical
fiber cable lies in deep sea water.

 In order to construct such long-length ultra long-haul

networks both the fiber attenuation and dispersion must be reduced so that they have
minimum impact.

 Moreover, submerged networks primarily use repeaters that only reamplify the signal
(i.e. IR amplifiers are commonly referred to as repeaters in submerged deployments).

 Optical amplifiers also require electrical power which is fed to them through insulated
copper cables that run down the length of the fiber cable.

 The power is transmitted from the land-based terminal landing site and is delivered in
parallel down the length of
the cable to the sealed underwater amplifiers .
A SUBMERGED CABLE SYSTEM
METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORKS
 By definition metropolitan area networks (MANs) or
metro networks provide the regional
interface interconnecting the access network end users
(i.e. business or residential customers)
with the long-haul networks.
STRUCTURE FOR A METROPOLITAN
AREA NETWORK
 MANs tend to be divided into two segments:
 namely, the central ring with the neighboring ring
interconnecting the access networks with the central ring.
 Since the central ring connects to the long-haul network it is
sometimes referred to as a core ring (i.e. metro core) while the
neighboring rings are called
access rings (i.e. metro access) or collector rings since they
collect traffic and forward it to the DXC which interconnects
the two rings. Such cross-connecting nodes, providing
interconnection between metro and long-haul networks, are also
sometimes referred to
as points-of-presence (POP)
Thank you....