CHAPTER 2:

A RESEARCH TOPIC or PROBLEM is an

intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in
the form of scientific inquiry.
TOPICS or PROBLEMS are general questions
about relationship among variables, or
characteristics of the phenomenon which a
researcher needs to undertake (Birion et.al.,
2005, p.7)
 Sources of Research Topics or Problems

1. Prevailing theories or Philosophy

2.Observations, intuitions or a
combination of both

3. Different subjects taken and from

them identify a problem that interests
a student-researcher most
 Sources of Research Topics or Problems

 4. Fields of interest or specialization or event

from related fields
 5. Existing problems in the
classroom/school/campus/university which one
may want to solve are good sources of research
problems.
 6. Existing needs of the community or society
 7. Repetition or extension of investigations
already conducted or may be an offshoot or
studies underway (Angeles, 1966, p.86)
 Sources of Research Topics or Problems

8. Related studies and literatures

9. Advice of authorities or experts
from funding agencies.
10. Offshoots of friendly conversations
11. Incidental from interesting topics
of professors during the course
meeting/session
 OTHER SOURCES RESEARCH OF TOPICS AND
PROBLEMS

 -Theories to be validated, extended, modified

 -Otherstudies, particularly their research
recommendations
 -National/international trends or situations to be
described or improved
 -Real-life problems, issues. experiences, or
situations of Grade 12 students
WHAT ARE YOUR
CONCERNS, SITUATIONS,
ISSUES, OR PROBLEMS
TODAY AS GRADE 12
STUDENT?
Criteria in Research Topics or
Problems
 1. It should be something new or different
from what has already been written about.
 2. It must be original.
 3.It should be significant to the field of
study or discipline.
 4.
It must necessarily arouse intellectual
curiosity.
 5.It should be a researcher’s interest and
researcher must be with the topic.
Criteria in Research Topics or
Problems
6. It should be a modest one for a
beginner to be carried on within a
limited period of time.
7. It should be clear, not ambiguous.
8. It should be specific, not general.
9. It should consider the training and
personal qualifications of the
researcher.
Criteria in Research Topics or
Problems
 10. It should consider the availability of data
involved in the study and the methods and
techniques to be employed in gathering them.
 11. It should consider the availability of effective
instruments for gathering the data and their
treatment.
 12. It should consider the financial capacity of the
researcher to support the project.
 13. It should consider the time factor involved in
the undertaking.
 POSSIBLE GRADE 12 RESEARCH
PROBLEMS
 Government War on Drugs and Crimes
 Bashing,Keyboard Warriors and Fake News in Social
Media (Humanities)
 Demolition of Buildings Obstructing Cultural Heritage
(Art)
 Contested Islands in Philippine Sea
 Environmental Awareness
 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
 Virtual Learning
 Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Management