LEARNING STYLES

GROUP
 LEARNING STYLE
IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Lectured By Hery Yuzrizal

Compiled By
Farihatul Hasnah
Vincent
Akbar Ali
Rizki Anugrah
 DEFINITION OF LEARNING STYLE
 Reid difining learning style is natural, habitual,
and preferred way(s) of absorbing, processing,
and retaining new information and skills
 Willing (1988) said that Natural, habitual, and
preferred ways of learning
 Peacock (2001) summarized learning styles as
a student’s “natural, habitual and preferred
ways” of absorbing and processing a second
language.
 In summary, the learning style is one part of
individual differences which used by student
as the preferred way to obtain and retain the
information in learning.
 TYPES OF LEARNING STYLE
 Visual
These learners prefer seeing things in writing (Reid 1995).
Learners with a visual preference, for example, like to
receive new information through sight.

 Auditory
Prefer listening is the prefered way of this learners (Reid
1995). Auditory learners prefer to receive new information
through hearing. As such, they favor instruction through
lectures, role-plays, oral directions, audio tapes, recitation,
and conversation (D¨ornyei, 2005; Oxford, 2003)
 TYPES OF LEARNING STYLE
 Kinesthetic
They prefer active participation/experiences (Reid 1995).
Several terms are used to refer to preferences for learning
that incorporates movement. “Kinesthetic,” in the strict
sense, refers to whole-body or large muscle movement

 Tactile
Learners prefer hands-on work (Reid 1995), whereas
“tactile” or “tactual” denotes the sense of touch (Barbe &
Swassing, 1979; D¨ornyei, 2005).
 TYPES OF LEARNING STYLE
 Group
In Group type, they prefer studying with others
(Reid 1995)

 Individual (prefer studying alone).

 Factors Affecting
Students’ Learning
Styles

• According to Rita Dunn in

(Sugiahartono, 2007) Many
factors can influence students in
learning styles. These factors
come from within it (internal
focus) and some come from
outside the individual (external
factors).
Rizki Anugerah
1. Internal Factors
Physical factors, In the physical factors include two parts such as health
and disability. First, health factors are the natural processes of a person's
body which influence learning style. Second, the disability factor, a
learning style is that becomes a factor in someone's learning due to the
imperfect body possessed, such as blind disabilities, half blind, deaf, half
deaf, broken legs, and paralysis.

Psychological factors, There are several factors that affect a person's

learning style such as:
 Intelligence, according to, Reuven Feuerstein (1990), cognitive
functions that run according to someone's control to adapt to
changing environmental situations.
 Motivation is something that encourages force and gives energy to
someone to act, behave in a certain way, and carried out at a certain
time to achieve certain goals.
  Readiness is a step and a person's desire to learn that determines the success
of the results of learning. Surely someone can manage or manage skills
efficiently and easily.
 According to Crow and Crow (1973), "emotions are experiences or feelings
that are characterized by some physiological changes that lead to some
behavioral actions.

Interest is someone who is trying hard to get to a certain destination

this goal can be in the form of affiliation, achievement.
Attitudes are attitudes that a person has with knowledge and feelings
towards objects, events, and people who produce.
Self Concept is can be categorized into three namely Self Image is one's
perception of oneself about one's abilities, weaknesses, and limitations.
2. External Factors
Family factors, Family
education, family
member relationships,
atmosphere, and
family economic
situation at home that
gives an influence on
learning styles.
School factors
The factors are that influence learning styles in
schools are such as the teaching methods of
class teachers, teacher personality, curriculum,
teacher student relations, school rules, learning
settings, the state of school buildings to
facilitate students, school locations.
Community factors
Environmental or community factors are that
influence someone learning style. This factor is
a strong factor in what is learned and obtained
in the environment or community where we
are or live.
 Effects of Learning Styles in
Second Language Acquisition

Akbar Ali Mustofa

According to Reid
(1987), perceptual
learning syle and Time studying English
how to vary Gender Nationality
depending on
different factors Age Fields of study
such as
 Then, Reid study
perceptual learning style
preferences are
categorized into three
groups depending on the
meanings gained for each
style major, minor, and
negative learning style.
 Age & Gender
Reid (1987: 95) claims that language learners do learning they are
getting older, they can get more the preference for visual, auditory,
kinesthetic and tactile learning.

Women prefers Men prefers to visual and

only kinesthetic tactile learning style,
learning style. sometimes combine it.

Auditory learning style is used both

of them.
 Nationality
Reid’s study shows that Arabic,
Chinese and Korea are multimodal
learners which have four styles
consisting of kinesthetic, tactile,
auditory, and visual learning styles as
major
learning style.
Time studying English
• The students with studying English
for more than twelve years have the
auditory style as a major learning
style.
• learners study English less than
twelve years like in Thailand
tend to cope with wider
range of learning styles.
 Field of study
Reid (1987: 94) considered different field of
study between engineering, medicine,
business, computer science, hard sciences and
humanities. He found that the major styles
among all of them were kinesthetic and tactile
styles.
Auditory learning style is the preferred from
different fields like Agriculture,
Liberal arts, Engineering,
Education and Sport sciences.
It can be concluded that it is
difficult to find an agreement
about which perceptual
learning styles are the
preferred ones. Results can be
various depending on those
factors mentioned above and
also on the different
environment where these
studies are carried out.
Thank You