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POLIO VACCINE

PRESENTED BY: YALLALA SHAIK AFIFA RUHI,


1st YEAR
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 History of polio vaccine
 PPMA
 Mechanism of action of polio vaccine
 Types of polio vaccines
 Dose and administration
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgement
Introduction
Poliomyelitisis an acute viral disease usually
caused by a polio virus.
A polio vaccine is a medicine that is given to
prevent polio.
Serious causes of polio includes paralysis.

Some may die because of Respiratory


paralysis.
History of polio vaccine
In 1952, the CDC estimated that there
were over 21,000 paralytic cases of polio
in the USA.
In fact it was Enders who, in 1954, shared
the only Nobel Prize given for polio
research.
Is there any treatment for
poliomyelitis……?
There are no special drugs or therapies to
cure polio
• If the symptoms of polio reappears after a
severe infection (at the age of 40 to 50
years), this phenomenon is known as
“Post Polio Muscle Atrophy”.

• PPMA is not a reinfection or reactivation of


the virus but is probably a form of rapid
aging in polio survivors.

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Mechanism of action of vaccine
Use anti-idiotype antibody as
injectable vaccine

Anti-idiotype Use as vaccine


antibody
Binds and
neutralizes virus
Anti-anti-idiotype
antibody
Anti-anti-idiotype
antibody Anti-anti-idiotype
Antibody to anti-idiotype antibody
antibody
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Typical administration of IPV involves 2
doses for both infants and unvaccinated
adults
INFANTS UNVACCINATED
ADULTS

Numberof 3 2
injectionsper
dose
st
6-8weeksofage 2injectionsata
1dose 1-2month
administration interval
nd
4-6monthsof 6-12months
2dose age later
administration
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There are two general types

INACTIVATED POLIO
VACCINE (IPV)

ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV)

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INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV)

Synonyms for IPV vaccine


e-IPV

ep-IPV

Salk vaccine

IPV is a trivalent (strains 1,2,3)


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TRIVALENT ORAL POLIO VACCINE

Synonym is Sabin Vaccine, 1960.


Itis a Live Attenuated virus vaccine.
Oral administration of vaccine yields a
local gastro-intestinal infection.
A major caution with TOPV is that it is a
live vaccine and must never be injected.

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Attenuatedby passage in foreign host
(monkey kidney cells)
Selection to grow in new host makes
virus
less suited to original
host

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Differences between salk and sabin
vaccine?
 Jonas Salk developed salk  Albert Sabin developed
vaccine. sabin vaccine.
 An inoculation dead polio  An inoculation of
virus. attenuated live polio
viruses.
 It is administered as an  It is administrated in oral
injection. route.
 Complete dose includes a  1or2 doses of oral vaccine
satisfactory immune gives 90 to 100% result.
response.
 Systemic antibody  Local immunity in gut.
response.
Conclusion
As the disease polio cannot be cured if
once attacked, it is better to follow
preventive measures as it is contagious.

The vaccination is definite in case of


infants and children.

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