ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

LESSON IV

Engr. JERICO A. ABARINTOS

Division Engineer III (SDO – Calapan City)
Accredited Materials Engineer
PROJECT PLANNING AND CONTROL

Engr. JERICO A. ABARINTOS

Division Engineer III (SDO – Calapan City)
Accredited Materials Engineer
 OUTLINE OF THIS CHAPTER

I. PROJECTS AND MANAGEMENT

II. NETWORK ANALYSIS/CONSTRUCTION OF CPM NETWORK
III. FINDING CRITICAL PATH AND CONSTRUCTION DATE
IV. COMPUTATION OF FREE FLOATS AND TOTAL FLOAT
FOR NONE CRITICAL ACTIVITIES
A. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. A project consists of interrelated activities which are to be executed in a certain
order before the entire task is completed. (it has different activities and each
different activities interrelated each other but in logical sequence).
2. The activity are interrelated in a logical sequence which is known as precedence
relationship.
3. Project is represented in the form of a network for the purpose of analytical
treatment to get solutions for scheduling & controlling its activities.

B. TECHNIQUES
1. CPM – Critical Path Method
2. PERT – Project Evaluation Review
Technique
C. THREE (3) - PHASES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Planning:
- Dividing the project into distinct activities;
- Estimating time requirement for each activity;
- Establishing precedence relationship among activities.
2. Scheduling:
- Determine the start and end time of each and every activity.
3. Controlling:
- uses the arrow diagram and time chart for continuous monitoring
and progress reporting.
 D. DEFINITION OF TERMS
22 44
1. Node – referred to as events, and they are
the instances where something happens.
11
2. Arcs – referred to as activities, and they
are the elements on a network that take
time and use resources.
33

(A) A SIMPLE ACTIVITY NETWORK

1.Points, nodes, or events which are connected together 3. In an activity network an event cannot be completed
by lines called routes, arcs, edge, or activity. until all activities leading to it have been completed.
2. Event 2 cannot be completed until A 12 and A32 have 4. In an activity network an activity cannot be completed
been completed and this prevent A24 from starting. until its tail event has been completed.
E. GUIDELINES FOR NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
1. The start event and ending events of an activity are called tail event and
head/completion event, respectively;
2. The network should have a unique starting node (tail event);
3. The network should have a unique ending node (head event);
4. No activity should be represented by more than one (1) arc in the network;

1
1 22 66 5. The network must not contain loops, as shown
between events 3, 4, and 5 in figure (a). Loops
are a repetition of activity sequences and they
33 44
will be repeated endless, never leading to the
(a) a loop final events.
55
 6. The network should not have any
11 22 44 dangle. These are events that go “nowhere”, as
for event 3 in figure (b). Dangles can be avoided
m y by the used of dummy activities, as shown by
(b) a dangle m
du
33 the broken line.
Introduce new
node/event

7. No two (2) activities should have the same starting mode and the same ending mode.
8. Dummy activity is an imaginary activity indicating precedence relationship only,
duration of dummy activity is “zero”.
 DUMMY ACTIVITIES & THEY ARE PRIMARY
USED FOR 3 REASONS:
Dummy Activities – do not represent actual
A work done, and do not use up any resources
or take any time to complete.
12
12 13
13

1. To avoid parallel activities with the same beginning

and end events, where activity A and B go between
B the same events but having different work content in
(c) Uncorrected Figure (c).
Figure (d) shows the use of a dummy activity,
A indicated by the broken line, going from a new event 14,
12
12 13
13 to overcome this problem.
y
m
m
du
(d) Corrected B
Introduce new
14
14 node/event
 DUMMY ACTIVITIES & THEY ARE PRIMARY
USED FOR 3 REASONS:
2. To show one-way dependencies, in figure (e) activity C
(e) Uncorrected cannot start until activity A has been completed, but the
start of activity D depends on both activities A and B
18
18 A C having , both activities C and D are constrained by
activities A and B.
20
20 Figure (f) shows the use of a dummy activity, indicated
D by the broken line and introduced new event 21 . Now
19
19 B activity C can start as soon as activity A has been
completed and event 20 reached.
Activity D must wait until both activities A and B have
(f) Corrected been completed.
A C
18
18 20
20

dummy

B D
19
19 21
21
Introduce new
node/event
 DUMMY ACTIVITIES & THEY ARE PRIMARY
USED FOR 3 REASONS:
3. To introduce a constraint, as shown in Figure (g) ,
where activity from event 6 has been constrained by the
dummy activity A76 shown dotted, and it cannot start until
55 6
6 this dummy activity has been completed along with
activity A56.
um my
d

77 8
8

(g) Use of a dummy activity to introduce a constraint

F. TWO (2) PHASES IN DETERMINING CRITICAL PATH
1. Determine earliest start time (ES) of all the nodes, this is called “forward pass”;
2. Determine latest completion time (LS) of all the nodes, this is called “backward pass”.

G. DETERMINE OF EARLIEST START TIMES ( ES j )

Where:
ES j - Early Start time in ending node; FORMULA:
ES i - Early Start time in starting node; ES j = Max i (ES i + D i j)
D i j – Duration.
G. DETERMINE OF LATEST COMPLETION TIMES ( LS i )
Where:
LC i - Latest completion time in starting node;
LC j - Latest completion time in ending node;
D i j – Duration;
FORMULA:
j = ending node;
LC i = Min j (LC j + D i j)
i = starting node.

H. CONDITION FOR CRITICAL PATH

1. ES i = LC I
2. ES j = LC j
3. ES j = ES I = LC j = LC I = D i j
I. TOTAL FLOAT ( TF i j ) K. INDEPENDENT FLOAT ( I i j )
It is the amount of time that the completion time of Which do not affect the previous or subsequent
an activity can be delayed without affecting the activities.
project completion time.
FORMULA:
FORMULA:
I i j = ES j – LC i – D i j
TF i j = LC j – ES i – D i j
J. FREE FLOAT (FF i j )
It is the amount of time that the completion time
of an activity can be delayed without affecting the
project earliest time of immediate successor
activities in the network.

FORMULA:
FF i j = ES j – ES i – D i j
K. EXERCISES:
Consider the detail of a project as shown in the table,
determine the following:
ACTIVIT IMMEDIATE DURATION TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
PREDECESS (MONTH)
Y OR

A 12 - 4
A 23 A 12 2
A 13 - 8
A 14 - 9
A 34 A 23 , A 13 7
A 35 A 23 , A 13 9
A 45 A 34 , A 14 5
1. Construct the CPM Network;
2. Determine the critical path and project completion time;
3. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the independent float for non critical
activities.
K. PLATE # 1:
Consider the project CPM network, determine the
following:
7
7

(9)
5
11 22 3
(4) 8
3 8
(6) (4)
(3)
(7) 4
4 (6)
(7)
6
6
55 99
(12)
1. Determine the critical path and project completion time;
2. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the independent float for non critical
activities;
3. Provide table for detail of the project.
PROBLEM #1:
Consider the project CPM network, determine the
following:
7
7

(12)
(6)
11 22 3
(5) 8
3 8
(7) (5)
(4)
(8) 4
4 (7)
(8)
6
6
55 99
(14)

1. Determine the critical path and project completion time;

2. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the independent float for non-critical activities;
3. Draw a time-scaled diagram (using the CRITICAL PATH as reference)
 A. QUIZ #1:
Consider the project CPM network, determine the
following:

22 6
6

11 33 5 7
5 7

ACTIVIT IMMEDIATE DURATION TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C

44 PREDECESSO (MONTH)
Y R

A 12 - 3
1. Determine the critical path and project completion A 13 - 3
time; A 14 - 3
2. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the A 26 A 12 10
independent float for non critical activities;
A 35 A 13 6
3. Prepare a draft by drawing a time-scaled diagram
A 56 A 35 , A 14 4
(using the CRITICAL PATH as reference)
A 67 A 26 , A 56 8
 A. QUIZ #2:
Consider the detail of a project as shown in the table,
determine the following:
ACTIVIT IMMEDIATE DURATION TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
PREDECESSOR (MONTH)
Y
A 12 - 6
A 13 - 6
A 14 - 6
A 35 A 12, A 13 , A 14 8

A 46 A 14 8
A 67 A 35 , A 46 10
1. Draw the Project CPM Network
 CONSTRUCTION OF 1-STOREY 2
CLASSROOMS

GO USTE !!!
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION I.P. DURATIO TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
N (CD)
MOB Mobilization 3

TEMFACIL Const. Temporary Facility 2

SPL-1 Installation of Signages & Barricades 1

803 Excavation: CF, WF, SWF 5

804(a) Backfilling of excavated materials 2

804(b) Gravel Bedding: CF, SWF, WF, FTB, SOF, 1

Trench
804(c) Embankment 3

1000(a) Soil Poisoning 9

900(a) RC: CF and WF 6

400(a) RS: CF and WF 3

900(b) RC: FTB 4

400(b) RS: FTB 10

900(c) RC: C, PC, & STIFFENER 7

400(c) RS: C, PC, & STIFFENER 9

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION I.P. DURATIO TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
N (CD)
900(d) RC: RB & LRB 6

400(d) RS: RB & LRB 7

900(e) RC: SOF, CORRIDOR, & RAMP 9

400(e) RS: SOF, CORRIDOR, & RAMP 10

506(1)a Masonry 7

1010(b) Panel Door 3

1005 Jalousie Window 4

1010(a) Door Frames & Accessories 1

SPL-2 Blackboard 2

1021(c) Floor Finishes: FL-1 12

1021(c-1) Floor Finishes: FL-2 6

1021(c-2) Floor Finishes: FL-3 1

1027(a) Plain Cement Plaster Finish 8

SPL-2 Rail Guard 1

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION I.P. DURATIO TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
N (CD)
1003 Carpentry for Ceiling with insulation 9

1013 Pre-Paint Metal Sheets 8

403(a) Steel Trusses 9

403(b) Purlins & Channel Beam 9

403 (c ) Angular Base Plate, Sag Rod, x- bracing, & 5

turn buckle
1032 (a-1) Masonry Painting 9

1032 (a-2) Wooden Painting 1

1032 (a-3) Steel Painting 1

1100 Conduits, Boxes, and Fittings 2

1101 Wires & Wiring Devices 1

1102(a) Lighting Fixtures 1

1102 Panel Board & Cabinets 1

SPL-3 Furnishing & Delivery of Materials

DEMO Demobilization 3
 THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

GO USTE !!!