CIV 0222

Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies

SIMPLE STRESS
Module – 1
Axial / Normal Stress

Dr. Joseph Berlin P. Juanzon CE, MSCM

Learning Objectives

- Review some of the important principles of

statics and show how they are used to
determine the internal resultant loading I a
body;
- Understand the concepts of normal and
shear stress;
- Analysis and design of members subjected
to an axial load or direct shear.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
◦ Strength of Materials (also known
as Mechanics of Deformable Bodies)
is the study of the internal effect of
external forces applied to structural
member. It includes stress, strain,
deformation deflection, torsion, flexure,
shear diagram, and moment diagram
Four different types of resultant
loadings:

◦ Normal force (N). This force acts

perpendicular to the area. It is developed
whenever the external loads tend to push or
pull on the two segments of the body
◦ Shear force (V). The shear force lies in the
plane of the area and it develop when the
external loads tend to cause the two segments
of the body ti slide over one another.
Four different types of resultant
loadings:

◦ Torsional moment or Torque (T). This effect

is developed when the external loads tend to
twist one segment of the body with respect to
the other about an axis perpendicular to the
area.
◦ Bending moment (M). The bending moment
is caused by the external loads that tend to
bend the body about an axis lying within the
plane of the area.
Illustration:
◦ Determine the resultant internal loadings on
the cross section at C of the cantilever beam
shown.
270 N/m

A B
C

3m 6m
SIMPLE STRESS
 Stress is defined as the strength of a
material per unit area of unit strength. It
is the force on a member divided by area,
which carries the force, formerly express
in psi, now in N/mm2 or MPa.

◦ where P is the applied normal load in Newton

and A is the area in mm2. The maximum stress
in tension or compression occurs over a section
normal to the load.
 NORMAL / AXIAL STRESS
Normal stress is either tensile stress or
compressive stress. Members subject to
pure tension (or tensile force) is under
tensile stress, while compression members
(members subject to compressive force)
are under compressive stress.

Compressive force will tend to

shorten the member. Tension force
on the other hand will tend to
lengthen the member.
SIMPLE STRESS
Compressive Stress

Length
Tensile Stress

Length
SAMPLE PROBLEM-1.0

A hollow steel tube with an inside

diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile
load of 400 kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is
limited to 120 MN/m2.
𝝈=P/A
SOLUTION
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 Given:
◦ Weight of bar = 800 kg
◦ Maximum allowable stress for bronze = 90 MPa
◦ Maximum allowable stress for steel = 120 MPa
 Required:
◦ Smallest area of bronze and steel cables
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Sample Problem 3
Solution
Sample Problem 4
For the Pratt bridge truss and loading shown,
determine the average normal stress in
member BE, knowing that the cross-sectional
area of that member is 5.87in2.
End of Module - 1