Energy : Types and Uses

Today , we will discuss energy , in various steps:

 A small introduction
The most energy-yielding forms of it
A method for nearly free power and energy.
 [1] Introduction
In physics, energy is the capacity for doing work.
In general , we have a lot of energy types:
Kinetic , Potential , Thermal , Chemical , Nuclear
and many more.
Energy is measured in Joules(J)in the SI.
It is also a main precursor in the transfer of heat
from one body to another.
[2]-The most energy-yielding
types of It:
•Nuclear Energy
•GeoThermal Energy
 Chart showing the capacity factors by energy
source (in %)
100.00% Nuclear energy
90.00% Series 1 Geothermal
80.00% energy
Wind energy
70.00%
Hydraulic Energy
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Nuclear energy Geothermal energy Wind energy Hydraulic Energy
 Nuclear Energy
In 1938 , the first nuclear chain reaction was performed by Fritz
Strassman, after bombarding an Uranium atom (U-235) with a
neutron ; successfully managing to create tremendous amounts of
energy.(Nuclear fission)
And that’s how the nuclear industry began, scientists worked on
harnessing nuclear energy to use it in various applications such as:
an electrical power source , Medicine , research and nuclear
weapons.

Today , It is the most energy-yielding source in the world.

It Is Fueled by Uranium and sometimes Plutonium(which is a by-
product of Uranium’s nuclear fission)
 Types of reactions
1) Nuclear Fission: It is the process of bombarding an atom (usually a heavy atom) with a high-speed neutron to split it into two or more
lighter ones . It is accompanied by emission of gamma radiation.
Despite it’s high energetic yield , It’s very dangerous because of the ionizing radiation it leaves behind that can’t be recycled and is kept in
radiation bunkers underground.

2) Nuclear fusion : Unlike Fission , Fusion is the mixing of two light atoms to create a heavier one with emission of neutrons or protons and
energy. And the biggest example of nuclear fusion is the reactions occuring in the center of the Sun between Hydrogen and Helium gases.
It is cost-efficient,more energetic and does not produce radioactive waste , but it needs a very high temperature so it can be produced.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the harnessing of Earth’s inner
core heat to produce electricity. Geothermal power
is considered to be a sustainable, renewable source
of energy because the heat extraction is small
compared with the Earth’s heat content.
The greenhouse gas emissions of geothermal electric
stations are on average 45 grams of CO2 per
kilowatt-hour of electricity, or less than 5 percent of
that of conventional coal-fired plants.
On average, a geothermal plant produces 720MWh.
 Pros and Cons of Nuclear power
Pros Cons
• Very High Energy • Very dangerous if exposed
Production. to radiation.
• Reduces the use of Fossile • Very expensive materials.
fuels(coal and oil). • Can be manufactured as a
• Lowering greenhouse gas weapon of mass
emissions. destruction.
• Dangerous for the
environment. Notably
because radioactive waste
can’t be recycled or reused.
 Pros and Cons of Geothermal power
Pros Cons
• Renewable Energy. • Expensive to set up.
• Reduces the Uses of fossile • Can lead to the emission of
Fuels toxic materials such as
• Reduces the emission of mercury and arsenic.
Greenhouse gases.
A method for nearly free power and energy
A method for free power and energy

In 1891 , Tesla created the first resonant

transformer circuit. It was used to produce
high-voltage , low current , high frequency
Alternating-current (AC) Electricity. It was
named the Tesla coil.
? How do they work

A Tesla coil consists of two parts: a primary coil •

and secondary coil, each with its own
capacitor. (Capacitors) store electrical energy
just like batteries.) The two coils and capacitors
are connected by a spark gap — a gap of air
between two electrodes that generates the
spark of electricity. An outside source hooked
up to a transformer powers the whole system.
Essentially, the Tesla coil is two open electric
.circuits connected to a spark gap
A transformer can convert the low voltage of •
.main power into the high voltage
A tesla coil
powering a
lightbulb through
electromagnetic
induction

Thank you , Georges Hachem