LAND USE PLANNING &

DESIGN PRINCIPLES TPS

151
INTRODUCTION TO LAYOUT DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

NORHAZLAN HARON
05-3742158(O)

012-7528027(h/p)
LAYOUT
DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
TPS151 LAND USE PLANNING & DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
NOOR SYARAFINA SALLEHUDIN
 WHAT IS DESIGN PROCESS?

 Design process – Formulation of goal and

objectives, data collection, site analysis,
conceptual plan, layout design
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. DESIGN PROCESS
2. BASIS FOR DESIGN PROCESS
3. (DESIGN AND PLANNING PROCESS)
i. STEP 1 – FEASIBILITY PROGRAMMING
i. STEP 2 – SITE ANALYSIS
ii. STEP 3 – CONCEPTUAL
DESIGN
iii. STEP 4 – SCHEMATIC DESIGN
 1.0 DESIGN PROCESS
• is a process determine precisely how best to
develop program on site selected, in special form
and materials
• is a process of making all the specific decisions
about development – from general
arrangements to smallest details.
• is a special process,
• Designer must familiar with the site and
surroundings.
 DESIGN PROCESS IN LAND DEVELOPMENT
• is a process that focuses on melding a specific
building to a specific site.
• the result is a “best – fit” built that balance
between

site considerations
community
site requirements
market success
1.1 BASIS FOR DESIGN PROCESS
The information base for design;
A. Development program
B. The Site
C. Regulatory Control
D. Design Team
A. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
• is the client determination of what type of
development is expected for a given parcel of
land
• preliminary determination;
a. zoning
b. market considerations for specific
property
c. planning
• start with a concept is presented to the project
design team for discussion and refinement
• is formulating a response that balance
the “highest and best land use” with the

a. character of the site

b. environment
c. client and consumer expectations
d. economic and marketing factors
e. public/private approval
requirement.
Principles for Development Program

i. Land uses and associated building types need to

be consistent with current construction practices and
consumer and user requirement
ii. Market conditions, development costs and
numerous alternatives must be consider for
designer opportunity.
iii. Design should be predicated upon with
understanding and appreciation with previous
land development design.
Principles for Development Program (Cont..)

iv. Fundamental requirement on land design

a. knowledge of the physical/functional
characteristics
b. locational contraints
c. vehicleaccess must common to all land use types.
B. THE SITE
• is a piece of real estate which a development
program will be implemented.
• each site is unique

• require - understanding and appreciation

s - its specific characteristic
- include surface and subsurface
- include natural & cultural process
- land ability to absorb specific
development program
C. REGULATORY CONTROLS
• Consideration on public regulatory controls,
design standards, technical requirement.
• Steps in Regulatory Controls

1ST PRELIMINARY (feasibility and programming)

• must through knowledge on;
a. regulatory ground rules
b. issues relating on comprehensive
plans
c. zoning
d. subdivisions ordinances
C. REGULATORY CONTROLS CONT..
2nd (OTHER REGULATIONS)
• Degrees of impact on site design
• consider on existing development and design
guidelines

Final (AUTHORITY REGULATIONS)

• state and federal government regulations such as
element on wetlands, coastal zones, hazardous waste, air and
water quality, noise and handicapped accessibility.
D. DESIGN TEAM
• Client
• Project Designer
• Attorney / Legal Counsel (Local Authority)
• Engineers
• Planners.
• Transportation Planners
• Environment Specialist
• Market Analysis / Researcher
• Public Review / Citizens
 PLANING PROCESS IN LAYOUT DESIGN
Planning Program

Goal

Objectives

Strategy

Primary Data Site and surrounding Secondary Data

environment data collection

Site Analysis and Surrounding Environment

Concept Plan / Schematic Plan

Schematic Plan

Draft Plan

Layout Plan
PLANNING PROGRAM
a. Goal
- (Peter Hall), very general and abstract
- its covers social, economics aesthetic
- Sometimes its overlapping – can create a quality of
planning process such as flexibility, rationality and suitable.

- It’s a first statement and element in preparing plan

development

- It’s a statement of achievement for proposal development

- Ex: Village residential, garden concept, contemporary and

urban villages.
PLANNING PROGRAM
b. Objectives
- it’s a specific statements to achieve goal
- Ex: to develop circulation system and creating good
pedestrian zone.

c. Strategy
- Specific program to achieve objectives
- Ex: to build and create a good, safe and convenient
pedestrian walkways.
DATA COLLECTION
Primary Data Secondary Data
- Location Site Location / Lot Number
- Accessibility Site occupant and Constraint
- Current Land use Land use zoning
- Topography and slope Resident
- Sewerage Systems Density
- Infrastructure and Utility Highest Point (slope potential
- Surrounding Environment development)
- Wind and Sun Orientation Committed development
- Site History Etc…
- Weather
- Ecology
- Situation, location and building integration
- Type of geology and soil
- Aesthetic values
- Etc…
SITE ANALYSIS
Primary Data Secondary Data
Location – distance and site location Site Location / Lot Number
Accessibility – road name, road reserve Site occupant and Constraint
Current Land use – vegetation, building, etc Land use zoning
Topography and slope – topography plan Resident
Sewerage Systems – size, water flow Density
Infrastructure and Utility – TNB Transmission Highest Point (slope potential
line, pipe line development)
Surrounding Environment – cover 2 – 10 km Committed development
Wind and Sun Orientation Etc…
Site History
Weather
Ecology
Situation, location and building integration
Type of geology and soil – sand, etc..
Aesthetic values – view points, etc
Etc…
2.0 STEP BY STEP: DESIGN AND PLANNING PROCESS

• STEP 1 – Feasibility / Programming

• STEP 2 – Site Analysis

• STEP 3 – Conceptual Design

• STEP 4 – Schematic Design

2.1 STEP 1 – FEASIBILITY / PROGRAMMING
• requires and understanding of general development
and characteristic on site.
• must review all available feasibility and impact studies
• feasibility requires 3 main aspects
a. micro and macro site characteristics
b. program components
c. applicable planning and regulatory controls
2.1 STEP 1 – FEASIBILITY / PROGRAMMING (CONT.)
• Important tasks to do.
a. preparation of a base map
b. contextual reference of site and its surrounding

c. assembly 2nd source information to determine site potential

d. Make overall site analysis focuses on identification of development

opportunities and
constraints with the site.
EXAMPLE OF BASE MAP
2.2 STEP 2 – SITE ANALYSIS
• purpose – provide a full understanding of the property’s
opportunities and contraints.
• site visit / field visit is the ideal task to familiar with a site.
• should be done with a base map in hand.
• ideally, base map should be same scale with conceptual
design.
• must prepared the checklist of site characteristics
2.2 STEP 2 – SITE ANALYSIS (CONT..)
• The checklist of site characteristics
a. topography, slope, soils.
b. property configurations
c. existing vegetation

d. hydrology, drainage, water, wetland, floodplains

e. views, visual characteristics
f. climate, site orientations
g. adjacent land uses (near)
2.2 STEP 2 – SITE ANALYSIS (CONT..)
h. access, circulations patterns
i. utility locations
j. existing development
k. other regulatory requirement
EXAMPLE OF SITE ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE OF SOILS ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE OF DRAINAGE ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE OF SLOPE ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE OF UTILITIES ANALYSIS
OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS
2.3 STEP 3 – CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
• represent the initial efforts of describing alternatives plans that
satisfy the development program objectives based on site
analysis characteristics

• sketches, functional diagram, illustrated a framework

for development program.

• represent potential distribution of land uses and
major circulations.
2.3 STEP 3 – CONCEPTUAL DESIGN (CONT..)
• Considerations as:
a. Points of site access with alignment of major circulations
routes.
b. Distribution of major land use elements by type
Delineation should reflect the approximate area
requirement for each use.
c. Delineation of areas as open space, such as floodplain,
protection areas, wetlands, mature woodland, streams and
valleys.
d. Preliminary needs for location of public
facilities
CONCEPTUAL PLAN
2.4 STEP 4 – SCHEMATIC DESIGN / PRELIMINARY LOT LAYOUT
• its focuses on development and refinement of conceptual
design.

• a selected conceptual development plan is subjected to more

detailed analysis in term of usable area and potential.

• it’s a design document to establish many of the controlling
standards and the design character for actual project development.
2.4 STEP 4 – SCHEMATIC DESIGN / PRELIMINARY LOT LAYOUT
(CONT..)
• Schematic level may include:
a. Traffic and transportation – proposed road systems
b. Utilities – based on distribution and density
c. Storm water management
d. environmental specialist – asses for possible impacts.
2.4 STEP 4 – SCHEMATIC DESIGN / PRELIMINARY LOT LAYOUT
(CONT..)
• Final product for schematic is a scaled presentation of
development program and circulation framework.
• Major elements includes;
a. Major vehicular systems
b. Allocation of land uses
c. Identification areas subject to site
constraints
d. Delineation areas for public facilities
SCHEMATIC PLAN
THANK
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