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Systems
Lecture 0802
1
Analog vs. Digital Signals
Digital computers or embedded systems use
binary (discrete) values.
2
Sensors and need of ADC
A physical quantity (Temperature, Pressure, Humidity,
Velocity etc.) is converted to electrical signals (voltage,
current) using a device called transducer/sensor.
3
Microcontroller connection to the ADC
Electrical Electrical
Physical Transducer Signals Signals
A/D
Quantity /Sensor (V,I) (V,I)
Analog Digital
4
Physical Quantities & System
Example 1: Temperature Control
Digital Processing
Temp Sense A/D Fan
Device
5
Block Diagram of an 8-bit ADC
6
Some Major Characteristics of ADC
Conversion Time
Conversion time is an important factor.
7
Some Major Characteristics of ADC
Resolution
The ADC has n-bit resolution (n can be 8, 10, 12, 16 etc.)
Higher-resolution ADCs provide a smaller step size
Step size is smallest change that can be measured by ADC
Step size can be controlled by Reference Voltage (Vref)
S
8
Reference Voltage (Vref)
Reference Voltage along
with resolution defines the
step size of ADC.
DOUT
00 Vin
n
Vref(-)
Vref(+)
Vin ADC Output
(binary number)
Vref
9
Step Size
10
Digital Data Output
n-bit ADC would have n-
bit digital output
n
Vin ADC Output
(binary numbe
Vref
11