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CHAPTER
Multiple Integrals
13
13.1 DOUBLE INTEGRALS
13.2 AREA, VOLUME AND CENTER OF MASS
13
13.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES
13.4 SURFACE AREA
13.5 TRIPLE INTEGRALS
13.6 CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES
13.7 SPHERICAL COORDINATES
13.8 CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

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Transformations
A transformation T from the uv-plane to the xy-plane is a
function that maps points in the uv-plane to points in the
xy-plane, so that T (u, v) = (x, y), where x = g(u, v) and
y = h(u, v), for some functions g and h.

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Transformations
We consider changes of variables in double integrals as
defined by a transformation T from a region S in the uv-
plane onto a region R in the xy-plane.

We refer to R as the image of S under the transformation

T.

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.1 The Transformation of a Simple Region
Let R be the region bounded by the straight lines
y = 2x + 3, y = 2x + 1, y = 5 − x and y = 2 − x.

Find a transformation T mapping a

region S in the uv-plane onto R,
where S is a rectangular region, with
sides parallel to the u- and v-axes.

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EXAMPLE 8.1 The Transformation of a Simple Region

Solution

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.1 The Transformation of a Simple Region

Solution

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EXAMPLE 8.1 The Transformation of a Simple Region

Solution
We leave it as an exercise to verify that the four points on
the previous slide are indeed the vertices of the
parallelogram R.

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EXAMPLE 8.2 A Transformation Involving Polar
Coordinates
Let R be the region inside the circle x2 + y2 = 9 and outside
the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and lying in the first quadrant
between the lines y = 0 and y = x.

Find a transformation T from a rectangular region S in the

rθ-plane to the region R.

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.2 A Transformation Involving Polar
Coordinates
Solution
Let x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ, so
that x2 + y2 = r 2.
The inner and outer circles
forming a portion of the boundary
of R then correspond to r = 2 and
r = 3, respectively.
The line y = x corresponds to the line θ = π/4 and the line
y = 0 corresponds to the line θ = 0.
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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.2 A Transformation Involving Polar
Coordinates
Solution

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INTEGRALS
THEOREM 8.1 (Change of Variables in Double Integrals)
Suppose that the region S in the uv-plane is mapped onto
the region R in the xy-plane by the one-to-one
transformation T defined by x = g(u, v) and y = h(u, v),
where g and h have continuous first partial derivatives on
S.

If f is continuous on R and the Jacobian (see next

slide) is non-zero on S, then

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INTEGRALS
DEFINITION 8.1
The determinant

is referred to as the Jacobian of the transformation T and

is written using the notation

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EXAMPLE 8.3 Changing Variables to Polar Coordinates
Use Theorem 8.1 to derive the evaluation formula for polar
coordinates (r > 0):

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EXAMPLE 8.3 Changing Variables to Polar Coordinates

Solution

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.4 Changing Variables to Transform a
Region
Evaluate the integral

where R is the region bounded by the lines y = 2x + 3,

y = 2x + 1, y = 5 − x and y = 2 − x.

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EXAMPLE 8.4 Changing Variables to Transform a
Region
Solution From example 8.1:

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.4 Changing Variables to Transform a
Region
Solution

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EXAMPLE 8.5 A Change of Variables Required to Find
an Antiderivative
Evaluate the double integral

where R is the rectangle bounded by the lines y = x,

y = x + 5, y = 2 − x and y = 4 − x.

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EXAMPLE 8.5 A Change of Variables Required to Find
an Antiderivative
Solution

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.5 A Change of Variables Required to Find
an Antiderivative
Solution

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.5 A Change of Variables Required to Find
an Antiderivative
Solution

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INTEGRALS
THEOREM 8.2 (Change of Variables in Triple Integrals)
Suppose that the region S in uvw-space is mapped onto
the region R in xyz-space by the one-to-one
transformation T defined by x = g(u,v,w), y = h(u,v,w) and
z = l(u,v,w), where g, h and l have continuous first partial
derivatives in S.

If f is continuous in R and the Jacobian is non-

zero in S, then…

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THEOREM 8.2 (Change of Variables in Triple Integrals)

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EXAMPLE 8.6 Deriving the Evaluation Formula for
Spherical Coordinates
Use Theorem 8.2 to derive the evaluation formula for
triple integrals in spherical coordinates:

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.6 Deriving the Evaluation Formula for
Spherical Coordinates
Solution

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INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 8.6 Deriving the Evaluation Formula for
Spherical Coordinates
Solution

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