Research Process

Deciding Planning Actually

What How Doing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Research Journey

1 05/16/2020 Jitendra Chauhan, GEU

 Considerations The Research Process Methods of
& steps in data
formulating a processing;
Research Methods & Sampling Use of Principles of
research
design: tools of data theory & computer & scientific
problem
Functions collection designs statistics writing

Literature
Review

Conceptu Constructing Writing a

Formulating a Selecting Collecting Processing Writing a
alizing a an instrument Research
research a Sample data Data Research
Research for data Proposal
problem Report
Design collection

Operational
Steps
Study Design Field test of
Editing
the research Coding Required
tool of the theoretical
Variables & data knowledge
Validity & Content of
hypothesis: Research Developing Required
definition & Reliability of
Proposal a code intermediary
typology research tool knowledge
book

What How Conducting of the study

 Steps in planning a research study

Step 1: Formulating a research problem

 A research problem identifies your destination.
 It tells to researcher & readers that what you intend to
research.
 A well defined problem is half solved.
 The main function of formulating a research problem is
to decide what do you find out about.

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 Cont…

Step 2: Conceptualizing a research design

 An extremely important feature of research is the use of
appropriate methods.
 The strength of what you find largely rests on how it was
found.
 The main function of a research design is to explain how
you will find answers to your research questions.
 A research design is a frame work of how to do.

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 Cont…

Step 3: Constructing an instrument for data collection

 Anything that becomes a means of collecting information
for your study is called a ‘research tool’ or a ‘research
instrument’.
– E.g.- Observation forms, interview schedules,
questionnaires and interview guides are all classified
as research tools.

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Step 4: Selecting a sample

 The accuracy of findings largely depends upon the way of
selecting sample.
 The basic objective of any sampling design is to minimize
the error b’w sample & population.
Sampling theory is guided by two principles-
– Avoidance of bias in the selection of sample.
– Attainment of max. precision for a given outlay of resources.

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 There are three categories of sample design:

1. Random/Probability sampling designs.
2. Non-random/probability sampling designs.
3. Mixed sampling designs.

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Step 5: Writing a research proposal

 The overall plan that tells a reader about your research
problem and your planning to investigate, is called a
research proposal.
 A research proposal must tell about your study (to you, to
your research supervisor and to readers) that:
– What you are proposing to do;
– What you plan to proceed;
– Why you select the proposed study.

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 Cont…
Therefore it should contain the following information
about your study:
1. A statement of the objectives of the study;
2. A list of hypothesis, if you are testing any;
3. The study design you are preparing to use;
4. The research instrument (s) you are planning to use;
5. Information on sample size and sample design;
6. Information on data-processing procedure;
7. An outline of proposed chapters for the report
8. The study’s problems and limitations; and
9. The proposed time-frame.

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 Steps in conducting a study

Step 6: Collecting Data

 At this stage researcher actually collect the data
according to his research plan and he has to use different
ways.
Steps 7: Processing Data
 The analysis of the information depends upon-
– Type of information: descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or
attitudinal;
– The way you want to communicate your findings to readers.

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Step 8: Writing a research report

 It is the most difficult part of research process.
 It informs the world what you have done, what you have
discovered and what conclusion you have drawn from
your findings.

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