CLOSING AND OPENING

BASIC MORPHOLOGICAL ALGORITHMS

Counsellor:
M. Preethi Ch. Nishmith Sai Reddy
Assistant Professor B17CS082

Project Co-Ordinator:
I. Sai Ram Krishna
Assistant Professor
 CONTENTS

1. MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

2. STRUCTURING ELEMENT
3. HITTING AND FITTING
4. DILATION
5. EROSION
6. OPENING
7. CLOSING
8. CONCLUSION
 MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

• Morphological image processing is an important tool in the

digital image processing.
• Morphologic image processing is a geometry based
technology.
• We can find the relation between each parts of images.
• Morphological processing is capable of removing noise and
clutter as well as ability to edit an image.
• Morphological image processing is used in the place of
linear image processing, because it sometimes distort the
underlying geometric form of an image, but in
morphological image processing, the information is not
lost.
 STRUCTURING ELEMENT

• Structuring element is a matrix that identifies the pixel in

the image being processed and defines the neighborhood
used in the processing of each pixel.
• You choose a structuring element the same size and shape
as object you want to process in the input image.
 HITTING AND FITTING
• The structuring element is positioned at all positions or
possible locations in Binary image and it is compared
with the corresponding neighborhood of pixels.
• FIT: The structuring element is said to fit the image if,
for each of its pixels set to 1, the corresponding image
pixel is also 1.
• HIT: The structuring element is said to hit, or intersect,
an image if, at least for one of its pixels set to 1 the
corresponding image pixel is also 1.
HITTING AND FITTING
 DILATION
• Growing image region.
• Dilation causes objects to dilate or grow in size.
• The amount and the way that they grow depends upon
the choice of structuring element.
• Dilation makes an object larger by adding pixels around
its edges.
• The Dilation of an image ‘A’ by a structuring element ‘B’ is
written as AB.
• To compute the Dilation, we position ‘B’ such that its
origin is at pixel co-ordinates (x,y) and apply the rule.

1 if ‘B’ hits ‘A’

g(x , y) =
 DILATION

Original image Dilated image

 DILATION
• Used to clear breaks and repair intrusions
 EROSION
• Shrink image regions.
• Erosion causes objects to shrink.
• The amount of the way that they shrink depend upon the
choice of the structuring element.
• Erosion makes an object smaller by removing or eroding
away the pixels on its edge.
• The Erosion of an image ‘A’ by a structuring element ‘B’ is
denoted as A Θ B.
• To compute the Erosion, we position ‘B’ such that its
origin is at image pixel co-ordinate (x,y) and apply the
rule.
1 if ‘B’ Fits ‘A’,
g(x , y) =
0 otherwise
 EROSION

Original image Eroded image

 EROSION
• The erosion is used to split joined objects.
 OPENING
• Structured removal of image region boundary pixels.
• It is an operation obtained by combination of Erosion and
Dilation.
• Opening separates the objects.
• The opening of an image ‘A’ by a structuring element ‘B’
is denoted as A ○ B.
• And it is defined as an Erosion followed by Dilation.

A ○ B = (A Θ B) B

• Opening may involve one or more erosions followed by

one dilation.
 CLOSING

• Structured filling in of image region boundary pixels.

• It is also obtained by combining Erosion and Dilation.
• Closing joins the objects.
• The closing of an image ‘A’ by a structuring element ‘B’ is
denoted as A● B.
• And defined as Dilation followed by Erosion.

A● B = (A  B) Θ B

• Closing involves one or more Dilations followed by one

erosion.
 CONCLUSION
• The opening preserves foreground region.
• The closing preserves the background region.
• This process of opening and closing in the morphological
image processing reduces the noise in the image.
Thank You