‫ثـيَكهاتةكانى ئاميَرة ئليكترؤنيةكان‬

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‫ديجيتةلو ئةنةلؤط‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ثيَشةكيك لةسةر هةردوو سيستةمي‬

‫‪ .2‬كؤمةليَك ثيَكهاتة لةسةر سيركتي ئةليكترؤني‬

 Analog and
Digital
The Difference Between Analog And Digital Technologies Is That In Analog
Technology, Information Is Translated Into Electric Pulses Of Varying Amplitude. In
Digital Technology, Translation Of Information Is Into Binary Format (Zero Or One)
.Where Each Bit Is Representative Of Two Distinct Amplitudes
: Analog To Digital Conversion
 Example of analog and
: digital systme
TV Model
old
TV LCD TV

CRT Desktop

Analog Digital
Resistor :
The resistor is a passive electrical component to create resistance in the flow of electric
current a device that has electrical resistance and that is used in an electric circuit for
protection, operation, or current control
 Diode:
 
A diode is a simple electrical device that allows the flow of current only in one direction. So it
can be said to act somewhat like a switch. A specific arrangement of diodes can convert AC to
pulsating DC, hence it is sometimes also called as a rectifier.
 : Transistors
A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or
gate for electronic signals. Transistors consist of three layers of a semiconductor
.material, each capable of carrying a current
 : Integrated Circuit
   
Integrated Circuit An integrated circuit is one in which circuit components such as
transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors etc. are automatically part of a small semiconductor
chip. An integrated circuit consists of a number of circuit components (e.g. transistors, diodes,
resistors etc.) and their inter connections in a single small package to perform a complete
electronic function. These components are formed and connected within a small chip of
semiconductor material. The following points are worth noting about integrated circuits
 Transformer :
Device that converts an alternating (A/C) current of a certain voltage to an
alternating current of different voltage, without change of frequency, by
electromagnetic induction. A 'step up' transformer receives a low voltage
and converts into a higher voltage, and a 'step down' transformer does
.just the reverse
 : Capacitors
A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an
electrostatic field. In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two conducting plates
separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. The capacitance is directly
proportional to the surface areas of the plates, and is inversely proportional to the
separation between the plates. Capacitance also depends on the dielectric constant of
.the substance separating the plates
 Relay :
relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to 
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as 
solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated
the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were
used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical
.operations
 : ‫سةرضاوة كان‬

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