EXERCISE

PROBLEMS
PALARA, ARMAN S. (INC)
SPL CE 5B
 PART I
FUNDAMENTALS
OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
 
1. A Fluid flowing in a pipe 30 cm in diameter has a uniform
velocity of 4 m/s. The pressure at the center of the pipe is 40 kPa,
and the elevation of the pipe’s center line above an assumed
datum is 4.5 m. Compute the total energy per unit weight of the
flowing fluid if it is (a) oil (s = 080) (b) gas (γ = 8.50/ ).
Given: Required :
P = 40 Kpa 30 cm 
a) Total Energy of
Z = 4.5 m 4 m/s
oil
b) Total Energy of
d = 30 cm gas
  V = 4 m/s
Solution: 4.50
m

DATUM
 b)
 2. A liquid of specific gravity 1.75 flows in a 75 mm pipe. The total
energy at a point in the flowing liquid is 100 J/N. The elevation of
the pipe above a fixed datum is 3.0 m and the pressure in the pipe
is 90 kPa. Determine the velocity of flow and the power available
at that point.
Sg
Given: Required : =1.75
75 
a) Velocity of flow mm
b) Power
Sg = 1.75
Ø= 75 mm
E= 100 J/N
Solution:
  3.0 m
a) Z = 3.0 of
Velocity mflow

V m/s
 
b) Power

P= Q E
= ( 0.187) (9810 x 1.75) (100)

P= 321032.25 watts
 3. Point A in the suction pipe is 1 m below the pump. It is mounted
with an open manometer which reads a vacuum of 20 cm of
mercury. The pipe is 10 cm in diameter and the flow is 35 liters/s
of water. Compute the total energy at point A with respect to a
datum through the pump.
Given:
Required :
a) Total energy @
point A
Ø= 10 cm
 Solution:
Q= 35 L/s
1
) m

A
  
4. A city requires a flow of 1.5 for its water supply. Determine the
diameter of the pipe if the velocity of flow is to be 1.80 m/s.

 Solution :
 Given:

Q = 1.5
V = 1.8 m/s 1.5 =
Required :
a) Diameter of the
pipe if V =1.8 m/s
 5. A pipe line consists of three successive lengths of 500 mm, 400
mm, and 300 mm pipes. With continuous discharge of 300 liters/s
of oil (0.75) compute the mean velocity in each pipe.

Given: Required :
a) Mean velocity
of each pipe

Q = 300
L/s 0.5m 0.4m
 Solution : 0.3m
Ø=
For mean velocity of the pipe
500mm
Ø=
400mm
Ø= =
300mm
0.3=

 
 6. A 300 mm pipe is connected by a reducer to a 100 mm pipe.
Points 1 and 2 are along the same elevation. The pressure at point
1 is 200 kPa. The flow is 30 liters/s and the energy lost between 1
and 2 is equivalent to 20 kPa. Compute the pressure at point 2 if
the liquid flowing is water.
 Solution : Required :
a) Pressure @ pt.
2

1 2
100mm dia.
.

 =

=
 
m
 7. Compute the velocity of the jet if the larger diameter is 100 mm
and the smaller diameter is 30 mm. The pressure head at point 1
is 30 m of the flowing water and the head lost between points 1
and 2 is 5 % of the velocity head of the jet.
 Solution :  
Required :
By continuity equation, =?

 =
=
=0.09 =
 8. In figure, 40 liters/s of sea water (s=1.03) is flowing from 1 to 2,
and the pressure at 1 is 95 kPa while at 2 the pressure is – 20 kPa.
Point 2 is 6 m higher than 1. Compute the energy lost in kPa
between 1 and 2 if D1 = 300 mm andGiven:  
D2 = 100 mm.
Q = 0.04
 Solution: S = 1.03
95 kPa
kPa

=
 Required:

Energy Lost
For energy lost,

P= (1.03)(9810)(10.76)
P=108.722 kPa
 PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:
ORIFICES,
TUBES , WEIRS,
ETC.
  
1. A reservoir having a constant horizontal sectional area of 1860
discharges water over a Cipolleti weir, the initial head being 40
cm. How long is the crest if 1800 seconds are required to lower the
water level in the reservoir by 35 cm?
 
Given : Required:
A= 1860 L=?

T= 1800s 35 40
cm cm
5 cm
 Solution:
Lt=

1800L=

1.8L=

 𝐿=𝟑 . 𝟐𝟏 𝑚
 2. A 90° V – notch weir is located at one end of a tank having a square
cross section 10 m by 10 m. If the initial head on the weir is 1.20 m,
how long will it take to discharge 100 m3 of water over the weir?

 
Given :
Required:
 Solution: V= 100
t =?
A = 100
H = 1.20 m
t= 1.20
  m

=
= 0.20

=
 3. A cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 3 m high contains 1 m of
water, 1.20 m of oil (s = 0.80) and air under a pressure of 16 KPa.
Find the theoretical velocity of the jet through a 5 cm diameter
orifice 30 cm above the bottom of the tank

 Solution: Given: Required:

d = 5 cm Vt=? 0.80 Air
= 16 + 9.81 (0.8) m

(1.2) 1.2 m Oil

(0.80)

Water
1.0 m
) 0.30
=) m
 4. What will be the discharge through a 2.5 cm orifice (C = 0.61) in
the bottom of a tank moving upward with an acceleration of 3
m/s2 if water stands 2.50 m over the orifice?

 Solution:  
 
Given : Required
C=0.61 :
= a= 3

2.50 m

= 0.61 ( )(
 5. The horizontal orifice in the figure below has a diameter of 10 cm with
C c = 0.60, C v = 0.97. When h = 2.50 m., what pressure, applied on the
surface, will cause the jet to rise 20 cm higher than the free surface?

 Solution : Given:  
Required:
Cc =
0.60
Cv =
=( 0.97
d= 10
cm

P = 3.63 kPa
6. A swimming pool with plan and section shown in figure is filled
with water. It has two short tubes both with diameter 20 cm and C
= 0.80 located at the lowest point. Find the time needed to empty
the pool through these tubes
Given: Required:
 Solution: d= 20 cm
T=?
C= 0.80
For rectangular part:

=
=
 Solution:
For triangular part:

=
=

+
7. A trapezoidal canal, 6 m at the bottom and having side slopes 2
horizontal : 1 vertical carries water to a depth of 40 cm and mean
velocity of 0.60 m/s. What length of a rectangular contracted weir
85 cm high should be placed in the middle of the canal if the depth
of water upstream is to be 1.20 m?
 Solution:
Required:
L=?
= 2

d = 40
L’= 4.28 m cm

L= 4.28 + (0.20)(0.35) 6m

L=4.35 m
 8. What length of Cipolleti weir should be constructed if the
measured head will not exceed 50 cm when the discharge is 3.40
m 3/s?
 
Solution :  Given:

H = 50 cm

Required:
L=?

50 cm

L
9. A concrete spillway with permanent crest elevation at 100 m
controls a reservoir 4.65 hectares in area. Determine the length of
the spillway if, by removing flashboards, water can be lowered
from El. 102 m to El. 101 m in 30 minutes. Use C = 1.94
Given:  Solution:
A= 4.65 hectares
C = 1.94 t=
t = 30 mins =1800s
1800 =
Required:
L=? 0.02507677=

−1 −1
 
2 2
1 2
 𝐋=𝟕 .𝟖 𝐦
𝐿= −
−1 −1
2 2