FOOTING

Footings and other foundation units transfer

the loads from the structures to the soil or
rock supporting the structures.

Common types of footings:

1. Wall footing or strip footing is a continuous
strip of concrete that supports a bearing
wall, cantilevering out on each side of the
wall.
2. Spread or square footings
are pads that distribute the
column load in two directions
to an area of soil around the
column.
3. Rectangular footings is used to
support loads on a single column
where sometimes the location is
limited to its property line on one
of the sides.
4. Combined footings are used to support
two heavily loaded columns are so
spaced that normally designed single
footings would run into each other, it
would be rectangular or trapezoidal in
cross section.
5. Cantilever or strap footing which is
really two footings joined by a beam
instead of by a bearing portion of the
footing. Each of the two main parts of
this footing supports a column load.
6. Floating or mat or raft foundation, which is a single
thick mat or slab that supports the entire
structure. This type of foundation is frequently
used with poor soil conditions to equalize
deformations.
7. Pile caps are slabs of reinforced
concrete used to distribute column
loads to group of piles.
Soil Pressure under footing:
The distribution of soil pressure under the footing is a
function of the type of soil and the relative rigidity of
the soil and foundation pad.

For structural design purposes, it is customary to assume

that the soil pressure are linearly distributed uniformly
on the footing.
Column footing must be designed for a 6 strength
conditions:
1. Bearing (compression) from column on top of footing.
2. Dowels into the footing.
3. Strength of soil beneath the footing.
4. Shear strength.
5. Reinforced provided.
6. Development length of bars.