Crane

 Definition: A crane is a machine with a

boom, primarily designed to raise and
lower heavy loads.

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #2

 Two Basic Types of Cranes:

1. Stationary Mobile

2. Mobile

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #3

 Stationery

1. Overhead Traveling Crane

2. Gantry Crane

3. Tower Crane

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #4

 Mobile Crane

1. Truck mounted with lattice

boom or telescopic boom

2. Crawler mounted with lattice

boom

3. Mobile tower crane

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #5

Hazards in Crane Operations
1. Structural Failure & Overloading
2. Instability Failure
3. Material Falling or Slipping
4. Electrical Hazards
5. Other Hazards
– being struck by the crane
– caught in between the crane
– falls

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #6

Crane Safety
 Structural soundness of the
equipment and its components
 Proper crane operation
 Proper rigging operation
 Proper assembly & dismantling
procedure

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #7

Load Capacity
 Structure
 Hook
 Wire Rope
 Hoisting Mechanism

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #8

 Mobile/Tower Crane
Load Capacity
 Tower Crane Load Chart
– based on radius

 Mobile Crane
– boom length
– boom angle indicator

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #9

Hook Requirement
 Provided with safety latch
Hook
 Hook opening Opening

 Hook twisting Twisting

 No cracks

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #10

Wire Rope Requirement
 Breaking strength
– Rule of thumb

(mm)

(tons)

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #11

Wire Rope Requirement
 Rope Criteria
– over 7 strands are severed in one lay
– 1/3 diameter of individual wire
– kinks, birdcage or other damages
 At least 2 wire of rope shall remain in
the drum when the hook is placed at
the lowest portion

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #12

Basic Rules for Safe
Operation of Crane
A. Pre-operation
1. Barricade areas in which
personnel could be trapped or
crushed.
2. Mark the location of all
underground utility services
3. Check engines, controls, brakes,
safety devices for normal
operation.
- overhoist safety device
- trolley limit switches

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #13

B. Operation
 Rule #1 Do not carry or use
crane beyond the rated load
 Rule #2 Never move load over
people.
 Rule #3 Never allow personnel to
ride on a load.

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #14

B. Operation

 Rule #4 Center the crane over

the load before starting to hoist.
– Keep hoisting ropes vertical
– No side pull
 Rule #5 Lift, move & lower loads
smoothly.

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #15

B. Operation
 Rule #6 Crane operators should
not use limit switches to stop the
hoist under normal operating
conditions.
 Rule #7 Do not leave suspended
load unattended.
 Rule #8 Keep hook block more
than 2m above the floor when not
in use.

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #16

B. Operation
 Rule #9 Use tagline to
stabilize and control loads.
 Rule # 10 Respond to
signals from designated
signalman only.

Construction machineries (crane & elevators) TP #17