Mod 1.

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Types, Variation & Applications
1. Types of engines showing arrangement of
parts.
2. Operating parameters.
3. Energy distribution of turbojet, turboprop
4. Turbofan engines.
5. Comparison of thrust and specific fuel
consumption.
6. Thrust, pressure, velocity diagrams.
06 Hrs
1
Types of gas turbine engine
According to the way power produced
i)Turbojet
ii)Turbofan
iii)Turboprop
iv)Turboshaft
According to type of compressor used and the
path the air takes through the engine.
i)Centrifugal flow Compressor
ii)Axial Flow Compressor
Arrangement of parts

4
 Basic Components of a Turbine Jet
Engine
• Housing – The rigid frame that supports and
contains the parts needed for operation as
well as the combustion event
• Air inlet and diffuser – The area of the jet
where fresh air comes in, the design of the
diffuser straightens and alters the speed of
the incoming air.

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 Basic Components of a Turbine Jet
Engine
• Compressor – Compresses the incoming air at
a ratio of approximately 30:1
• Burner or combustion chamber – The area of
the engine where fuel is ignited

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 Basic Components of a Turbine Jet
Engine
• Turbine – Converts the energy from the
heated and expanding exhaust gasses to a
rotating shaft which is used to turn the
compressors, or in the case of a turboshaft
engine, power the vehicle
• Exhaust Nozzle – accelerates the engine
exhaust to the most efficient and effective
speed for producing thrust

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Where are jet engines used?
Commercial Airliners – Boeing 757

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Where are jet engines used?
Business and personal jets - Learjet

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 Where are jet engines used?
Military Bombers

B-52 “Stratofortress”

B-2 “Spirit”

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Photo Courtesy of www.af.mil
 Where are jet engines used?
Military Fighters
F-15 “EAGLE”
F-22 “Raptor”

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Photo Courtesy of www.af.mil
Where are jet engines used?
Helicopters - Apache

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Photo Courtesy of www.army.mil
Where are jet engines used?
M-1 Abrams Tank

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Photo Courtesy of www.army.mil
Where are jet engines used?
Tractor Pulling

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Photo Courtesy of gasturbine.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk
Where are jet engines used?
Speed boats

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Photo Courtesy of gas-turbines.com
OPERATING PARAMETERS

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Operating parameters of turbojet, turboprop and turbofan
engines.

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Thrust compared with airspeed at sea level
Operating parameters of turbojet, turboprop and turbofan engines.

Thrust compared with airspeed at 30,000ft (9000m) 18

Operating parameters of turbojet, turboprop and turbofan engines.

Thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) versus airspeed at sea level 19

Operating parameters of turbojet, turboprop and turbofan engines.

Thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) versus airspeed at 30,000ft

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(9000m)
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF THE TURBOJET, TURBOPROP AND
TURBOFAN ENGINES

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Energy distribution of the turbojet, turboprop and turbofan
engines

Turbojet
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Energy distribution of the turbojet, turboprop and turbofan engines

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Energy distribution of the turbojet, turboprop and turbofan engines

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Comparison of thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC)
with thrust for turbojet and turbofan engines. 25
Temperature, Pressure and velocity
diagram

Turbojet Engine
Turboprop Engine
Effect of engine RPM on specific fuel consumption, air flow and thrust
Effect of altitude on specific fuel consumption, air flow and thrust
Effect of air speed on specific fuel consumption, air flow and thrust
Effect of ambient temperature on specific fuel consumption, air flow and thrust
Sl. No. Description Less Moderate High

1 Specific fuel consumption Turbofan Turboprop Turbojet

2 Noise Level Turbofan Turboprop Turbojet

3 Operating Mach No Turboprop Turbofan Turbojet

4 Take off Thrust Turbojet Turbofan Turboprop

5 Altitude Turboprop Turbofan Turbojet

6 Load Carrying capacity Turbojet Turboprop Turbofan

7 Specific Impulse Turbojet Turboprop Turbofan

 Turbojet Engine
• Gas turbine engine which produces thrust
through the hot gases exiting the exhaust
section of the engine.
• Used in military application.
 Turbojet Engine
Characteristics:
• Low thrust at low forward speed.
• High TSFC at low altitudes and airspeeds.
• Long take off roll.
• Small frontal area, low drag, reduced ground
clearance problems.
• Low specific weight.
• High ram pressure ratio.
High speed, high altitude, long distance flights.
 Turboprop Engine
• Turbojet with a reduction gear box mounted
in the front or forward end to drive a standard
air plane propeller.
• Uses exhaust energy to drive the propeller,
hence provides very little thrust.
• 90% of energy is extracted by the turbine to
drive the compressor and second turbine that
drives the propeller.
 Turboprop Engine
Characteristics:
• High propulsive efficiency at low airspeeds.
• Propeller can accelerate large quantity of air
at zero forward velocity of the airplane.
 Turbofan Engine
• It accelerates a smaller volume of air than the
turboprop engine but a larger volume than
the turbojet engine.
 Turbofan Engine
Characteristics: