14.

3 Series Resonance (1)

Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which
the capacitive and inductive reactance are equal in
magnitude, thereby resulting in purely resistive
impedance.

Resonance frequency:
1
o  rad/s or
LC
1
1 fo  Hz
Z  R  j ( L  ) 2 LC
C
1
 14.3 Series Resonance (2)

The features of series resonance:

1
Z  R  j ( L  )
C
The impedance is purely resistive, Z = R;
• The supply voltage Vs and the current I are in phase, so
cos  = 1;
• The magnitude of the transfer function H(ω) = Z(ω) is
minimum;
• The inductor voltage and capacitor voltage can be much
more than the source voltage.

2
 14.3 Series Resonance (3)
Bandwidth B
The frequency response of the
1
resonance circuit current is Z  R  j ( L 
C
)

Vm
I | I |
R 2  ( L  1 /  C) 2

The average power absorbed

by the RLC circuit is 1 2
P( )  IR
2

The highest power dissipated 1 Vm2

occurs at resonance:
P(o )  3
2 R
 14 3 Series Resonance (4)
Half-power frequencies ω1 and ω2 are frequencies at which the
dissipated power is half the maximum value:

1 (Vm / 2 ) 2 Vm2
P(1 )  P(2 )  
2 R 4R
The half-power frequencies can be obtained by setting Z
equal to √2 R.
R R 1 R R 1
1    ( )2  2   ( )2   o  1 2
2L 2L LC 2L 2L LC

Bandwidth B B  2  1
4
 14.3 Series Resonance (5)
Peak energy stored in the circuit o L 1
Quality factor, Q  
Energy dissipated by the circuit R o CR
in one period at resonance

The relationship R o
between the B, Q B   o2 CR
L Q
and ωo:

• The quality factor is the ratio of its

resonant frequency to its bandwidth.
• If the bandwidth is narrow, the
quality factor of the resonant circuit
must be high.
• If the band of frequencies is wide,
the quality factor must be low.
5
14.3 Series Resonance (6)

6
14.3 Series Resonance

7
14.3 Series Resonance

8
14.3 Series Resonance

9
14.3 Series Resonance

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 14.4 Parallel Resonance (1)

It occurs when imaginary part of Y is zero

1 1
Y   j ( C  )
R L

Resonance frequency:

1 1
o  rad/s or f o  Hz
LC 2 LC 11
 14.4 Parallel Resonance (2)
Summary of series and parallel resonance circuits:
characteristic Series circuit Parallel circuit
ωo 1 1
LC LC
Q ωo L
or
1 R
or o RC
R ωo RC o L

B o o
Q Q

ω1, ω2 1 2  1 2 o
o 1  ( )  o o 1  ( ) 
2Q 2Q 2Q 2Q

Q ≥ 10, ω1, ω2 o 
B
o 
B
2 2

12
14.4 Parallel Resonance (3)

13
14
15
16
 14.5 Passive Filters (1)
• A filter is a circuit
that is designed to
Low Pass
pass signals with
desired frequencies
and reject or
attenuate others. High Pass

• Passive filter consists

of only passive Band Pass
element R, L and C.

• There are four types Band Stop

of filters.
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18
Lowpass Filter

19
Highpass Filter

20
Bandpass Filter

21
Bandstop filter

22
Example:

23
• Thank You

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