UNIT V

Energy Conservation Opportunities

Chilled Water Plants
Central Air conditioning system
Potential Energy Conservation Opportunities in Chilled Water
Plants and Central Air-conditioning systems
• Chiller retrofits
• Cooling tower retrofits
• Check expansion and compression tank sizes
• Replacements of air conditioning and heating units with heat pumps
• Replacement of inefficient window air conditioners with SEER >9.0
seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the 
Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute in its 2008 standard
AHRI 210/240
• Resizing of chillers
• Retrofit with higher cop equipment
• Stain of multiple chillers
• Utilize gas absorption chillers
• Refrigerator replacement with high efficiency units
• Install cold storage system
• Install thermal energy storage systems
Water Heater
Potential Energy Conservation opportunities in Water Heaters

• Install decentralized water heaters

• Install ground water source heat pumps
• Install water heater blankets on water heaters
• Preheat feed water with reclaimed waste heat to reduce hot water heating system losses
• replace forced heaters with radiant heaters
• Use energy efficient system by analysing its efficiency
• Use heat pump water heaters
• Use of absorption to reduce electric demand
• Heat recovery for water heating
• Reclaim heat from waste water, steam condensate, incirnator heat
• Solar domestic hot water
• Installation of water meter
• install cleaning equipment for rinsing and cleaning
• Install hot water supply temperature reset control system
• Install duty cycle control system
• Reduce hot water consumption
Energy conservation opportunities in water coolers
• Install economizer cooling systems
• Install evaporative precooling on 100% make up air
• Install evaporative cooled or water cooled condensors.
• Evaporative cooling systems – install submeters
• Install double bundle chillers
• Equipment cooling, cool air compressors with closed loop system
• Repair existing equipment- evaporative cooling systems
• Install softeners, sub meters for make up water
• Plating and metal finishing – treat rinse water
• Rinsing and cleaning- install ultrasonic cleaning equipment, water saving
technologies, flow reduction devices, less water use, install timers and tamper
proof conductivity controllers to control quality of water in rinses.
• Clean evaporator and condensator equipment
• Lower cooling temperature set points.
• Install duty cycling control systems
• Install chilled water supply temperature reset control system
Compressor / Fan
Compressor Fans
Potential Energy Conservation opportunities in Compressors and Fans

• Create air movement with fans

• Duty cycle demand control
• Replacement of fans and pump
• Free cooling injector cycle
• Heat recovery from cooling oil, de super heating
• Insulation of low side refrigerant lines
• Investigate use of gas engine driven chillers
• Isolate offline chillers and cooling system
• Reduce system flow rate when not required
• Reducing compressor speed in over capacity system
• Reduction of non condensable gases in the system
• Variable speed drivers for fans and pumps
• Installation of compressed air metering
• Installation of gas meters
• Reduce excessive line air pressure losses, line air pressure
• Replace existing compressors with more efficient once.
• Use energy efficient air blow off nozzles, air drying systems, air intake filters
• Use outside intake air for air compressors.
Heat Pump
 Potential Conservation opportunities in
Heat Pumps and Cooling systems
• Install booster pumps on hot water systems
• Install add on heat pumps
• Install roof spray cooling systems
• Install secondary pumping systems
Reference:
Energy Engineering and Management by Amlan
Chakrabarti, PHI Learning Private Ltd

We have completed our discussion on…

Energy conservation checklist, Energy conservation
opportunities in boilers, Heat pumps and cooling
systems, chilled water Plants and Central air-
conditioning systems, Water Heaters and coolers,
Compressors and Fans.
1. Exhaust rate adjustment
2. Heat Recovery and reheating system
3. Humidity control system
4. Use of insulation
5. Openings of seal oven
6. Variable speed recirculation fan
7. Idle mode
8. Maintenance of equipment
9. Installation of new/automated equipment
1. Exhaust rate adjustment
2. Heat Recovery system
3. Humidity control system
4. Use of insulation
5. Openings of seal oven
6. Variable speed recirculation fan
7. Idle mode
8. Maintenance of equipment
9. Installation of new/automated equipment
 Opportunities in Boilers, Heaters, Heat
Pumps,
Improving insulation
Checking fouling, scaling inside boilers
Converting hard water to soft water
Installation of steam meters
Installation of boiler retrofits
Installation of condensator lines/pipes
Controlling evapouration
Controlling heat rate
Controlling exhaust / flue gases
Installation of variable duty cycle in the operation of boiler
Reducing steam leakage
Remove scales from watert
Optimising boiler steam pressure
Using closed loop sontril systems
Installing energy efficient bnoiler systesm
Closing the valvues at appropriate time
Maintaining feed water
Using preheating of water
Reheating
Superheater
Instal new boilers
Idle mode
 Opportunities in cooling systems- chillers,
water coolers, Central Air conditioners
• Maintaining psycometric properties
• Checking temperature, humidity
• Shutting down when not in use
• Heat recovery
• Reduce frost formation
• Mainatainance of pipes evaporation and condensation
• Installation of cold storage systems
• Retrofits
• Install submeters
• Multiple compressors
• Monitoring the cooling systems
• Replacing with good thermodynamic refrigirent
• Insulation protection

• Detecting leakages
• Checking the gas pressure
• Installing gas pressure meters
• Closed loop controller
• Variable duty cycle operation
• Idle mode operation