FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM

BY :
RAMIZ AKHTHAR – 2018BARC015
CHITTA RANJAN HEMBRAM – 2018BARC019
MADHUKAR GUPTA – 2018BARC045
•Fire prevention is a function of many fire departments.
•The goal of fire prevention is to educate the public to take
precautions to prevent potentially harmful fires, and be
educated about surviving them.

•It is a proactive method of reducing emergencies and

the damage caused by them. Many fire departments have a Fire
Prevention Officer.
•In the general sense of preventing harmful fires, many aspects are
discussed in the articles Fire protection and Fire safety.
Fire prevention also requires
inspection, testing, and
maintenance of systems to ensure
they are operating properly and they are
effective during a fire. Systems need to
be periodically inspected for
mechanical deficiencies, proper
function, valve actuation, water
flow, sprinkler clearances, etc., Fire
prevention also involves eliminating the
risks that may cause fire to occur.
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY

A.Residential (Lodging and rooming houses, One or two family private dwellings,
Dormitories, Apartment houses, Hotels, Starred hotels).
B.Educational (Schools up to senior secondary level, All others/training
institutions).
C.Institutional (Hospitals and sanatoria, Custodial institutions, Penal and mental
institutions).
D.Assembly (theatres, motion picture houses, assembly halls, auditoria, exhibition
halls, museums; skating rinks, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations and terminals of air, surface and marine
public transportation services, and stadia).
E.Business (City halls, town halls, courthouses and libraries).
F. Mercantile (shops, stores, market).
G.Industrial (assembly plants, industrial laboratories, dry cleaning plants, power
plants, generating units, pumping stations, fumigation chambers, laundries,
buildings or structures in gas plants, refineries, dairies and saw-mills, etc.).
H.Storage (hangars used for assembly purposes, warehouses used for office
purposes, garage buildings used for manufacturing).
I. Hazardous (storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly combustible
or explosive materials).
FIRE ZONES
The city or the area under the jurisdiction of the Authority are divided into
distinct zones, based on fire hazard inherent in the buildings and structures
according to the occupancy of any building.

The fire zones are as follows:

I. Fire Zone I – These comprise of
i. Residential
ii. Educational
iii. Institutional
iv. Assembly
v. Small Businesses
vi. Mercantile
II. Fire Zone II - This comprise of
I. Businesses
II. Industrial buildings, except high hazard industrial buildings.
III. Fire Zone III – This comprise of
I. High hazard industrial buildings
II. Storage
III. Hazardous
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
The design of any building and the type of materials used in
its are important factors in making the building resistant to a
complete burn-out and in preventing the rapid spread of fire,
smoke or fume, which may otherwise lead to loss of lives and
property.
• The types of construction according to fire resistance shall be
classified into four categories, namely,
i. Type 1 Construction
ii. Type 2 Construction

iii. Type 3 Construction

iv. Type 4 Construction.

• For buildings having height 15+ metre, non-combustible
materials should be used for construction of buildings, and the
internal walls of staircase enclosures should be of brick work
or reinforced concrete or any other material of construction
with minimum of 120 min rating.
• The walls for the chimney shall be of Type 1 or Type 2
Construction depending on whether the flue gas temperature
is above 200°C or less, respectively.
• Load bearing steel beams and columns of buildings having
total covered area of 500 m2 and above shall be protected
against failure/collapse of structure in case of fire.
• The false ceiling, including all fixtures used for its suspension,
shall be of non-combustible material and shall provide
adequate fire resistance to the ceiling in order to prevent
spread of fire across ceiling.
OCCUPATION OF BUILDING UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
A building or a portion of the building
maybe occupied during construction or
repairs, only if all means of exit and fire
protection measures are in place.
A high rise building during construction
should be given the following fire protection
methods.
a) Dry riser of min. 100mm diameter pipe with
hydrant outlets on the floors constructed with
a fire service inlet to boost the water in the dry
riser and maintenance should be in
accordance with good practice.
b) Drums of 2,000 litre capacity filled with water
with two fire buckets on each floor
c) A water storage tank of minimum 20,000 litre
capacity, which may be used for other
construction purposes also.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT

Every building shall be restricted in its height above the

ground level and the number of storey, depending upon its
occupancy and the type of construction. The height shall
be measured as specified in Part 3 “Development
Control Rules and General Building Requirements.

OPEN SPACES
The requirements of open space around the building(s)
shall be in accordance with Part 3 “Development
Control Rules and General Building
Requirements” of the code
OPENINGS IN SEPERATING WALLS AND
FLOORS

• For Types 1 to 3 constructions, a doorway or opening in a

fire resistant wall on any floor shall be limited to 5.6 m2 in
area with a maximum height/width of 2.75 m. Every wall
opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors,
having the fire rating of not less than 120 min.
• For Type 4 construction, openings in the fire separating
walls or floors shall be fitted with 120 min fire-
resistance rated assemblies.
OPENINGS IN SEPERATING WALLS AND
FLOORS
OPENINGS FOR SERVICE DUCTS AND
WIRING
• Openings in walls or floors which are for passage of all
building services like cables, electrical wirings, telephone
cables, plumbing pipes, etc, shall be protected by enclosure
in the form of ducts/shafts having a fire resistance not
less than 120 min. The inspection door for electrical
shafts/ducts shall be not less than 120 min.
• Medium and low voltage wiring running in shafts/ducts, shall
either be armoured type or run through metal conduits.
• The space between the electrical cables/conduits and the
walls/slabs shall be filled in by a fire stop material having
fire resistance rating of not less than 60 min
OPENINGS IN SEPERATING WALLS AND
FLOORS
VERTICAL OPENING

Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall

be suitably enclosed or protected, as necessary, to provide
the following:
a) Reasonable safety to the occupants while using the means
of egress by preventing spread of fire, smoke, or fumes
through vertical openings from floor to floor to allow
occupants to complete their use of the means of egress.
Further it shall be ensured to provide a clear height of 2 100
mm in the exit access.
b) Limitation of damage to the building and its contents.
AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION

Air conditioning and ventilating systems circulating air to

more than one floor or fire area should be provided with
dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire.

AIR HANDLING UNIT

From fire safety point of view, separate air handling units

(AHU) for each floor shall be provided so as to avoid the
hazards arising from spread of fire and smoke through the
air conditioning ducts
HEATING
• The boilers shall be installed in a fire resisting room of
180 min fire resistance rating.
• Entry to this room shall be provided with a composite
door of 120 min fire resistance rating.

SURFACE INTERIOR FINISHES

The use of combustible surface finishes on walls/
ceilings affects the safety of the occupants of the
building. Such finishes tend to spread fire and even
though the structural elements maybe adequately fire
resistant.
It is, therefore, essential to have adequate precautions
to minimize spread of flame on wall, façade of
building and ceiling surfaces.
These steps are guidelines to overall fire prevention:

•Perform regular risk assessments, and identify the weak areas to

improve safety.

•Identify and resolve deficiencies sources within the facility that emit
heat or are combustible, flammable, or make the building more
susceptible to fire.

•Perform regular fire drills. Keep building owners, operators, occupants,

and emergency personnel up to date regarding operation of fire
protection systems.

•Regularly train staff on fire prevention practices.

•Keep systems in top working order with preventive maintenance

contracts.

•Utilize diagnostics and system analytics that can help predict trouble
before it occurs.
THANK YOU