AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING AND

CLOSINGSYSTEM USING PENUMATIC

SYSTEM
 
SUBMITTED BY:
1. M. SOMASUNDARAM 4. N. AROKIA JOHNSON
2. JE,AMT.N. PANCHAL 5. B. PRAVEEN KUMAR
3. S. ASHWIN RAJ 6. K. NARESH KUMAR

Under guidance of
Mr. SARAVANAN, B.E.,
SEPTEMBER 2008.
CONSTRUCTION
AUTOMATIC GATE OPENING SYSTEM

CABIN

DOOR

IR TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER

DOUDLE ACTING CYLINDER BASE

M.S FABRICATED CABIN WITH
SLIDING DOOR
The cabin is fabricated at the size of 1”x3/4”x3/4”
(Height x Breath x width) with the M.S ‘L’ angle material 25mm x
25mm x
2.5mm thickness. A sliding door arrangement is made at the
front portion of the cabin and the other sides are closed with
28-gauge thickness tin sheet. 
The cabin is extended at both sides of cabin as shown in figure
for mounting the pneumatic component and the sliding door.
 BASE

CABIN

DOOR
PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM
The sliding door is fitted with the end of piston rod of
double acting cylinder.  
The cylinder is actuated by the 5/2 way double solenoid.
Direction control valve. The solenoid valve is actuated through
the IR sensor relay. The pneumatic control circuit is shown in
fig.
 CABIN

DOOR

DOUDLE ACTING CYLINDER

PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR AUTOMATIC
DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING
ELECTRICAL CONTROL CIRCUIT
Micro controller system
 
Interface Circuit

Power supply (230V A.C. to 12 V and 5V DC)

Key Board Circuit

IR SENSOR UNIT
 MICRO CONTROLLER SYSTEM
This system monitors the engine condition by using PIC 16F870 (28  
pin IC Package) micro controller. The pin details of micro controller are
 shown in figure.
MOTHER BOARD CIRCUIT DETAILS
KEYPAD INTERFACE
PORT B (KEYPAD)INPUT & OUTPUT CIRCUIT
POWER SUPPLY 5V DC AND 12V DC
IR SENSOR UNIT
• To count the jobs for the packing an I.R. sensor is used..The I.R.
sensor is fixed at the side of the cross rail which is held in taper
between the two conveyors. The jobs are passed through the IR
transmitter &receiver and is shown in fig.

TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER
 DOOR

IR TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER
 TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER
WORKING PRINCIPLE
AUTOMATIC GATE OPENING SYSTEM

CABIN

DOOR

IR TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER

DOUDLE ACTING CYLINDER BASE

WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The IR transmitter and IR receiver sensor is mounted in
front of the door and both are facing each other. Hence
IR receiver continuously receives IR rays if any object
crossing or disturbing these IR rays. The relay in the
sensor energies, the NO contact in the relay becomes NC
and the solenoid valve coil gets ON and allows the
pressurized air to the double acting cylinder. The door is
opened after entering in to cabin the person may press
the push button to close the door.
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION OF PNEUMATIC
COMPONENTS
• Double acting air cylinder with piston arrangement.
• Spool valve (2 position 5 ports valve)
• Pneumatic fittings
• Bulk head union
• Flexible hoses
• Air compressors
 
DOUBLE ACTING AIR CYLINDER WITH PISTON ARRANGEMENT:
 
It consists of a piston inside a cylindrical housing called a barrel. Attached to one end of the piston is a rod
which the rod end has one port. This rod end port is used for entrance of air and extends outside one end
of the cylinder. At another end is a port for exit of air.

Double acting cylinder can be extended and retracted pneumatically. The smallest bore size of an double
acting cylinder is 1 1/8 inch. The piston, which is made of ductile Iron, contains u-cup packing to seal
against leakage between the piston and barrel. The ports are located in the end caps, which are secured to
the barrel by bolts and nuts.
DIRECTING CONTROL VALVES
A direction control valve is used to change the direction of air
flow as and when required by the system for reversing the
machine tool devices. A direction control valve may be
classified, according to the construction of the internal moving
parts, as
• Rotary spool Type.
• Sliding Spool Type.
• Solenoid operated valves
SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES
Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices like relays and contractors.
A solenoid valve is used to obtain mechanical movement in machinery by
utilizing fluid or air pressure. The fluid or air pressure is applied to the
cylinder piston through a valve operated by a cylindrical electrical coil. The
electrical coil along with its frame and plunger is known as the solenoid
and the assembly of solenoid and mechanical valve is known as solenoid
valve. The solenoid valve is thus another important electromechanical
device used in control of machines. Solenoid valves are of two types.
• Single solenoid spring return operating valve,(5/2)
• Double solenoid operating valve
In this position of spool, port P is connected to port A and port B is
connected to tank or exhaust (i.e. atmosphere) if air is used. Spring
pressure (S) keeps the spool in this condition as long as the coil is de
energized. Fluid pressure from port P through port A is applied to the
left side of the cylinder piston. Thus the cylinder piston moves in the
right direction. Now when the solenoid coil is energized, plunger is
attracted and it pushes the spool against spring pressure.
In this position of spool, port A gets connected to tank
and port P gets connected to port B. Thus pressure is
applied to the cylinder piston from right and moves the
piston rod to the left. At the same time fluid in the
other side is drained out to the tank. When the
solenoid coil is again de energized, the spring (S) will
move the spool to its original position as shown in
figure 1. Thus, normally when the solenoid coil is de
energized the piston rod remains extended.
PNEUMATIC FITTINGS
There are no nuts to tighten the tube to the fittings as
in the conventional type of metallic fittings. The tube is
connected to the fitting by a simple push ensuring leak
proof connection and can be released by pressing the
cap and does not require any special tooling like
spanner to connect (or) disconnect the tube from the
fitting.
SPECIFICATION OF THE FITTING
Body Material - Plastic
Collect/Thread Nipple - Brass
Seal - Nitrate Rubber
Fluid Used - Air
Max. Operating Pressure - 7 Bar
Tolerance on OD of the tubes - 1 mm
Min. Wall thickness of tubes - 1 mm.
FLEXIBLE HOSES
The Pneumatic hoses, which is used when pneumatic
components such as actuators are subjected to
movement. Hose is fabricated in layer of elastomer or
synthetic rubber, which permits operation at high
pressure. The standard outside diameter of tubing is
1/16 inch. If the hose is subjected to rubbing, it should
be encased in a protective sleeve.
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

• ADVANTAGES:
• The Pneumatic arm is more efficient in the technical field
• Quick response is achived
• Simple in constructions
• Easy to maintain and repair
• Cost of the unit is less when compared to other robotics
• No fire hazrd problem due to over loading
• Comparatively the operation cost is less
• The operation of arm is faster because the media to operate is air
• Continuous operation is possible without stopping
LIMITATIONS
• High torque cannot be obtained.
• Load Carrying capacity of this unit is not very high (3 –
5 kgs).
• While working, the compressed air produces noise,
therefore a silencer may be used.
APPLICATIONS
• DISCHARGE OF WORKPIECE:
The arm fed has wide application in low cost automation. It can be
used in automated assembly lines to pick-up the finished product from
workstation and place them in the bins. It can also be used to pick-up
the raw material and place them on the conveyor belts and vice versa.
JOB CLAMPING:
This unit can also be used in clamping operations in certain areas of
mass productions where clamping and unclamping have to be done at
high speeds. The applications of this unit is limited to operations which
involves moderate clamping forces.
TRANSFER OF JOBS BETWEEN WORK STATION

• The gripping method used in a low cost automation to move the

workpiece from one workstation to another. The combination of an
angular rotary motion is the principle behind this method. The
gripper holds the work rigidly. The to and fro motion is achieved by
means of the actuating cylinder.
• TOOL CHANGING APPLICATION:
• 
• When the pneumatic arms are made smaller in size they can be
used in automatic tool changer in CNC turning and drilling machines,
by attaching suitable tool holding device to the rotary cylinder.
FEATURES OF THE AUTOMATIC GATE OPENING
AND CLOSING

• It is compact in size 
• It can be move 
• The electrical power consumption is very low
• This principle can be utilized at any places
• It is simple in construction
• Low cost
• Less weight and easy to handle
• It eliminate the man power
FINISHING PAINTING

JOB PREPARATION;
• Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the
anvil block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and
fabricated to required dimensional shape with arc welding.
 
FINISHING OPERATION BEFORE PAINTING;
• After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping
hammer and cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed
with the emery sheet.
Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush .After drying the metal
primer, the second coating is applied with the paint.
COST ESTIMATION

• Double Acting Cylinder (1x800) 800.00

Solenoid Valve 5/2 Way (1x1100) 1200.00
Valve Connectors (10x50) 500.00
M.S Stand 800.00
IR SENSOR unit 1000.00 
Power supply -- 600.00
Tube (5 Meters) unit 100.00 
Transportation Charges 200.00 
Miscellaneous charges 100.00
Report 600.00
TOTAL 5900.00
•
CONCLUSION

We make this project entirely different from other projects. Since concepts involved in our
project is entirely different that a single unit is used to various purposes which is not
developed by any of other team members.
By doing this project we gained the knowledge of pneumatic system is how automation can
be effectively done with the help of pneumatic system.It is concluded that any automation
system can be done with the help of pneumatic system.
We have successfully completed the project work on using Pneumatics system at our
Institute.
By doing this project work, we understood the working principle and uses of various
Cylinders, Valves, etc. .
It will be of no doubt that Pneumatics will be an integrated part of any process in industry in
the near future and we developed a through knowledge in Automation with PnematicsOnce
again we express our sincere thanks to our staff members.