How geological structures

influences mining
excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations

Figure 12
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations

24 Level – 27 Level
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations

Figure 4
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
 Underground
How Stability
geological structures influences
mining excavations
 Underground
How Stability
geological structures influences
mining excavations

What is the 45 de-stress rule?

 Underground
How Stability
geological structures influences
mining excavations
 Underground
How Stability
geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
 How geological structures influences
mining excavations

West-East Cross Section of Extrapolated Stratigraphy after DRA (2018²)

Possible water table @ 400m

due to pumping of mine water. Possible major
aquifer, other aquifers
and the Konkola
Conglomerate present
in this section.

Water may be present

in conglomerate units
between sandstone
bands in this section.
 Main Shaft
Borehole DRA
KN111 Extrapolated Seprolite Depending on the extend of possible aquifers
See Table 1 See Figure 1 and the 5MPa strong rock in the Saprolite formation that

31
may be present from ~15m to ~31m, water stop and
ground consolidation/improvement grouting may be
necessary for the headgear foundations.
How geological
structures influences
mining excavations
Insert: Plan showing
the location of KN111
relative to the Main
and Vent Shafts
507m ~400m

Chingola Dolomite Considered to be a major

182m ~270m aquifer that may require extensive water
seal/stop grouting.
689m ~670m
Shale with Grit Water stop grouting may most probably be
111m ~100m required for (1) water under pressure if dolomite beds are
present in this unit at the location of the shafts (2) and
800m ~770m possibly for the conglomerate beds at the bottom of the unit.

5m to 10m Konkola conglomerate - (potential aquifer)

OS1 Orebody
975m ~920m
Kafufya Formation Water stop grouting may most probably
575m ~630m be required for the conglomerate units between the
1550m ~1550m sandstone bands should the shafts be extended to below the
orebody.
How geological structures influences
mining excavations
How geological structures influences mining excavations
Grout hole drilling sequence and The split space method drilling and
layout for the 10m Shaft grouting sequence to be carried out i.e.
Strike and dip drilling and grouting of grout holes GH1,
direction of the GH2, GH4, GH6 and GH8 first to
water bearing
completion followed by GH3, GH5, GH7
strata planes.
and GH9 also grouted to completion.
GH1
Grout holes GH1 and GH2, which are adjacent to
each other and initially drilled and grouted, to be
GH9 GH2 positioned on the down dip side of the water
bearing strata due to the path of greatest resistance
to the grout flow that will be in the down dip
direction along the water bearing strata planes.
SP1 SP2

3m Stand pipes SP1 to SP9 at 0.5m from

SP3
SP9 shaft wall.
GH8 CH1 GH3
11m excavated shaft diameter
3m The initial 5 grout holes GH1, GH2,
SP8 SP4 GH4, GH6 and GH8 spaced ~12m
CH2
around the shaft, apart from GH1 and
GH2 that are adjacent to each other,
SP5 to seal water to minimum 3m radially
SP7
SP6 around the grout hole.
GH7 GH4

The additional 4 grout holes GH3,

GH5, GH7 and GH9 to be drilled
halfway between the preceding five
GH6 GH5 grout holes.

Check holes CH1 and CH2 to be drilled along

the strike of the water bearing strata planes.
How geological structures influences mining excavations
A
3m
GH1

GH9 GH2

6m
SP1 SP2

3m
SP3
SP9
GH8 CH1 GH3
11m excavated shaft diameter
3m
SP8 SP4
CH2

SP5
SP7
SP6 GH4
GH7

GH6 GH5

A
36m

6m

SECTION AA Main Shaft

How geological structures influences mining excavations