29 (1) .06.2010-Seminar On Water Issues-GHQ

WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
WATER ISSUES IN PAKISTAN
JUNE 29, 2010

“O Children of Adam!... Eat and drink:
But waste not by excess, for God loveth
not the wasters.”
Al-Qura’an
2
“Water is the driver of Nature”
Leonardo da Vinci
(1452 – 1519)
3
SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
• Land Use in Pakistan
• Water Availability and Requirement
• Reservoir Capacities & Sedimentation
• Rivers Flows and Storage Potential
• Glacial Issues
• WAPDA projects under execution
• Pakistan’s Hydropower Potential
• Hydropower Projects to be undertaken during next five years
• Hydropower projects under study
• Implementation Schedule/Financing Requirements
• Water Issues
• Growing Shortages vis-à-vis Growing Demand
• Water Infrastructure Un-Sustainability/Financial Non-Sustainability
• Enhancing Water Productivity/Water Costing
• Adverse Impact on Health/Environment
• New Initiatives
4
LAND USE IN PAKISTAN
CATEGORY AREA (MA)
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 196.7
AREA SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE 74.6
CULTIVATED AREA
IN IVE
D R
R
54.5 DISPUTED
US
(IRRIGATED + BARANI) KABUL R
IV ER
TERRITORY
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION
47.0
(BY ALL SOURCES)
ADDITIONAL AREA THAT CAN BE
BROUGHT UNDER IRRIGATED 20.1
AGRICULTURE
iver
r
SOURCE: AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF PAKISTAN 2007-08 ve
Ri r
iv e
mR
River
n ab R
e v i
Ch
Jhelu
Ra
Indus
er
Riv
tlej LEGEND
Su
MOUNTAINS
DESERTS
AREA UNDER
IRRIGATION
AREA THAT
CAN BE BROUGHT
UNDER IRRIGATION
Sindh 3.4 MA
Punjab 3.8 MA
KPK 3.0 MA
Baloch. 9.9 MA
ARABIAN SEA
TOTAL 20.1 MA
(Cultivable land available if water is conserved)

5
WATER AVAILABILITY VIS-A-VIS POPULATION
Population Water Availability Global Criteria
Year
(million) (Cubic Meter)
1951 34 5260 1000 Cubic Meter per capita
2010 172 1038 is the threshold value
2020 204 877 FAO (Falcón Mark Criteria)

2025 221 809
WATER AVAILABILITY Vs POPULATION GROWTH
6000 330
311
P E R C A P IT A A V A IL A B IL 3IT Y ( M )
300
PER CAPITA
5000 5260 AVAILIBILITY
270
273
P o p u l a ti o n (M i l l i o n )
POPULATION
240
4000 GROWTH 221 238
4159
210
204
3000 180
172
2838
150
143
2000
2129 120
111 1038 m3
1611 90
1000 84 1250
1038 877
63 575 60
34 809 751 654
43
0 30
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2010 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
YEAR
(Below 1000 cubic meter per capita Pakistan becomes water starved country)
6
WATER POTENTIAL & REQUIREMENTS
• Water Availability (Avg 1976-2009) 138.70 MAF
• Water Requirement for the Country with reference to Accord 1991 (117 MAF)
Water Availability or used Shortage /
Water Accord Allocation
Province {Avg (1976 -2009)} Excess
Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Value %age
Punjab 37.07 18.87 55.94 34.16 18.66 52.82 -3.12 -5.6
Sindh 33.94 14.82 48.76 28.95 13.84 42.79 -5.97 -12.2
3.48 2.30 5.78 6.60

Khyber +3.00 (Civil Canal)
+1.80 + 1.20 4.09 2.51 - 3.00 -2.18 -24.8
Pakhtunkhwa
5.28 3.50 8.78 3.60
Balochistan 2.85 1.02 3.87 1.23 0.80 2.03 -1.84 -47.5
Total 77.34 37.01 117.35 68.42 35.81 104.23 -13.12 -11.18
Average Water Availability 2000 – 2010 105 MAF

(Currently Pakistan is suffering from water shortage cycle)
7
RESERVOIR CAPACITIES (MAF)
LOSS DUE TO
RESERVOIR ORIGINAL PRESENT
SEDIMENTATION
9.69 2.92
TARBELA 6.77
(1976) 30%
5.34 0.80
MANGLA 4.54
(1968) 15%
0.72 0.46
CHASHMA 0.26
(1971) 63%
4.18
TOTAL 15.75 11.57
27%
(Nearly a fourth of the Reservoirs silted; need to construct Diamer
Basha Dam to augment lost storage)
8
RIVERS FLOWS & STORAGE POTENTIAL
MAF
DOWNSTREAM KOTRI FLOWS
• AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOWS (1976-2010) 30.7
• AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOWS (2000-2010) 10.4
ANTICIPATED USES
 Down stream Kotri requirement 8.6
(3.6 MAF + 5 MAF)
@ 5000 cusecs round the year
 Mangla Dam Raising Project 2.9
 Indian future uses on three Western rivers 2.0
Indus, Jhelum, Chenab & others
(As per Indus Water Treaty 1960)
 Future Use in Afghanistan -
NET WATER AVAILABLE FOR DEVELOPMENT 17.2
9
ESCAPAGE BELOW KOTRI (MAF)
100
91.83
80.59 81.49
ANNUAL DISCHARGE (MAF)
80
69.08
AVG. (35.2) 62.76
30.7 MAF
60 1976-2003 53.29
52.86 (1976-2010)
45.91 45.40
42.34
40 35.15
33.79
30.39 29.81 29.55 29.11 24.40
26.90
20.10 20.79 20.18 21.78
17.53 17.22
20 15.82
9.68 10.98 8.83
5.81
0.771.932.37 0.29
0
1999-2000
1977-78
1979-80
1980-81
1982-83
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1989-90
1991-92
1993-94
1995-96
1996-97
1998-99
2000-01
2002-03
2004-05
2005-06
2007-08
1976-77
1978-79
1981-82
1983-84
1985-86
1987-88
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1997-98
2001-02
2003-04
2006-07
2008-09
YEARS
Source: WRMD WAPDA based on data supplied by Govt. of Sindh
(Current water shortage means little water for ecological needs)

10
GLACIAL ISSUES
• Karakoram Glaciated Area Pakistan 13000 km2
• Number of Glaciers in Indus Catchment 5000
• Average annual glacier melt (1962 – 2005) 40 MAF
• Eastern Himalayan glaciers may retreat for next 50 years
because of Global Warming causing increase in Indus River
flows (World Bank Report 2005). Afterwards River flow may
decrease
40%-50%.
• Western Karakoram Glaciers may grow (Passu Glaciers in Hunza
Basin may grow).
• Remedial measures – Develop additional reservoirs;
• Treat saline water; utilize water efficiently; reduce warming
(WAPDA / GIK / ICIMOD* are studying consequences)
* International Commission on Ice & Mountain Development
11
AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE
CAPACITY OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS
AVERAGE
S STORAGE
ANNUAL NO. OF %AGE
RIVER BASIN CAPACITY
# FLOW DAMS STORAGE
(MAF)
(MAF)
1 Colorado 12 3 59.62 497
2 Nile 47 1 132 281
3 Sutlej Beas 32 5 11.32 35
4 Yellow River 345 7 68.95 20

Indus & Others
5 145 3 18.37 13
Rivers
6 World Average 20,000 - 8,000 40
12
PAKISTAN’S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
Swat & Small/Medium
Chitral River Dams
52 MW
Scheme below
50 MW
Jhelum 1463 MW
4653 MW
River
Basin
6819 MW
43786 MW
Indus River
Basin
13
PAKISTAN’S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
(RIVERWISE SUMMARY)
S# River/ Tributary Power (MW)
1. Indus River 37780
2. Tributaries of Indus (Northern Areas) & NWFP 6006
Sub Total (1+2) 43786
3. Jhelum River 3143
4. Kunhar River 1435
5. Neelum River & its Tributaries 1844
6. Poonch River 397
Sub Total (3+4+5+6) 6819
7. Swat River & its Tributaries 2371
8. Chitral River & its Tributaries 2282
Sub Total (7+8) 4653
9. Schemes below 50 MW on Tributaries 1055
10. Schemes below 50 MW on Canals 408
Sub Total (9+10) 1463
11. Small & Medium Dams 52
TOTAL 56773 14
HYDEL STATIONS IN OPERATION
Storage Installed Energy Commercial
S# Project Capacity Capacity Generation Operation
(MAF) (MW) (GWh) Date
1 Tarbela 6.78 3478 14937 1977-93
2 Mangla 4.46 1000 4687 1967-94
3 Warsak RoR* 243 1050 1960-81
4 Ghazi Barotha RoR* 1450 6574 2003-04
5 Chashma Low Head 0.37 184 987 2001
6 Rasul RoR* 22 37 1952
7 Dargai RoR* 20 146 1952
8 Malakand RoR* 20 0 1938-52
9 Nandipur RoR* 14 29 1963
10 Chichoki Mallian RoR* 13.2 20 1959
11 Shadiwal RoR* 13.5 44 1961
12 Others RoR* 6 29
TOTAL 11.61 6464 28536
15
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION
PC-I Cost Hydropower Progress/
Sr # Name of Project
(Rs. Billion) (MW) Completion
Mangla Dam Raising Substantially
1. 62.558 Addl 644 GWh
Mirpur, AJK completed
Gomal Zam Dam 59%
2. 12.829 17.4
FATA (Oct 2010)
Satpara Dam 87%
3. 4.397 15.8
Gilgit Baltistan (Oct 2010)
KHAN KHWAR 94%
4. 5.363 72
Besham, KPK Aug 2010
DUBER KHWAR 74%
5 9.754 130
Kohistan, KPK Aug 2011
ALLAI KHWAR – 51%
6. 8.578 121
Battagram, KPK Oct 2011
JINNAH HYDROPOWER, 94%
7. 7.680 96
Jinnah Barrage Jun 2011
NEELUM JHELUM 13%
8. 130 969
Neelum, AJK Oct 2015
Total 241.159 1421.2
16
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS TO BE UNDERTAKEN FOR
IMPLEMENTATION DURING NEXT FIVE YEARS
Capacity Earliest
S# Project River Location Project
(MW) Initiation
1. Diamer Basha Indus GB 4500 2010
2. Golen Gol Chitral KPK 106 2010
3. Tarbela 4th Ext. Indus KPK 960 2010
4. Kurram Tangi Kurram FATA/KPK 84 2011
5. Kohala Jhelum AJK 1100 2010
6. Dasu Indus KPK 4320 2012
7. Bunji Indus GB 7100 2012
Others (Bara, Tank Zam
8. Matiltan & Palas Valley KPK/GB/AJK 1500 2011-2015
etc.)
9. Munda Swat FATA/ KPK 740 2012
10. Patan Indus KPK 2800 2013
Total ~ 23,210
17
18
19
FUTURE HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
Storage Installed
Energy
S# Project River Location Capacity Capacity Status
(GWh)
(MAF) (MW)
PC-II has been
submitted for approval
1 Trappi Trappi Manshera 30 213
for conducting pre-
feasibility study
PC-II has been
submitted for approval
2 Dudhnial Neelum Dudhnial 1 960 5425
for conducting pre-
feasibility study
Desk Study and Field
3 Yulbo Indus Skardu 0.12* 2800 11400
reconnaissance done
Tungus Desk study initiated
4 Tungus Indus 0.05* 2200 8800
(GB)
Skardu
5 Skardu Indus 5.5 1600 9300 -do-
(GB)
Shyok/
6 Shyok Skardu 5.00 520 2080 -do-
Yugo
Kundalsh Kundalsh
7 Neelum 1 600 2400 -do-
ahi ahi
•* Run of River Total 12.67 8713 39618

20
NEW STORAGES
CURRENTLY BEING DEVELOPED BY WAPDA
READY FOR EXECUTION (MAF)
KURRAM TANGI – FATA (To be started 2011) 0.90
DIAMER-BHASHA – GB/KPK 6.40

(To be started in 2011)
SMALL/MEDIUM DAMS (Phase-I&II) 4.90
Total: 12.22
21
NEW STORAGES
Hydropower Projects Under Study by WAPDA
Capacity Storage
Project Status
(MW) (MAF)
Feasibility Study completed. Appointment of

Akhori 600 Consultants for Detailed Engineering Design 6.00
and Tender Documents in progress
Shyok
520 Desk Study initiated 5.00
(Yugo)
Total 11.00
22
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE / FINANCING REQUIREMENTS (Rs. in million)
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, READY FOR IMPLEMENTATION, UNDER STUDY AND FUTURE PROJECTS
1US $ = 80 Rs.
Reservoir
Status
Capacity Project Cost

Sr. # Project Capacity 2008-092009-102010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30
(MW) (Rs. Million)
(MAF)
2675 3465 1600 652
1 Allai Khwaar 121 ROR 8392
Under Construction
1675 1790 464

2 Khan Khwar 72 ROR 3929
3032 4300 1296 499
3 Duber Khwar 130 ROR 9127
240 400 300
4 Jinnah 96 ROR 940
5250 9415 15932 18045 19674 22631 23718 15691
5 Neelum Jhelum 969 ROR 130356
240 49920 47040 64080 76240 79120 88400 89360 65680 37280 32080 32400
Implementatio
6 Diamer Basha 4500 6.50 661840

Ready for
2121 4453 3306 2574

7 Golen Gol 106 ROR 12454
10201 21117 13671 8504
8 Kurram Tangi 83 ROR 53493
17440 21600 11280 6080
9 Tarbela 4th Ext. 960 56400
7200 7200 14400 14400 14400 14400
10 Munda 740 0.70 72000
17240 17240 34480 34480 34480 34480
11 Kohala 1100 ROR 172400
459 331 1083 1918 3060 2990 1809
12 Keyal Khwar 122 ROR 11650
4200 5100 5100
13 Tank Zam 26 0.22 14400
1120 1680 1680 1120
14 Phandar 80 ROR 5600
640 1280 1280
15 Basho 28 ROR 3200
Under Study
720 1440 1440

16 Harpo 33 ROR 3600
58 59 845 1643 2351 1659 455
17 Lawi 70 ROR 7070
31200 62400 62400 93600 124800 124800 62400 62400
18 Dasu 4320 0.67 624000
54704 54704 82056 109408 109408 54704 54704 27352
19 Bunji 7100 0.06 547040
26400 26400 52800 52800 52800 52800
20 Akhori 600 6.00 264000
4912 4912 9824 9824 9824 9824
21 Lower Spat gah 496 ROR 49120
5336 5336 10672 10672 10672 10672
22 Palas Valley 665 ROR 53360
72000 96000 96000 96000 72000 48000
23 Pattan 2800 0.06 480000
72000 96000 96000 96000 72000 48000
24 Thakot 2800 0.16 480000
21600 28800 36000 36000 21600
25 Dudhnial 800 1.00 144000
Future Projects
81000 108000 108000 108000 81000 54000

26 Yulbo 3000 0.12 540000
50400 67200 67200 67200 50400 33600
27 Tungas 2200 0.05 336000
99000 132000 132000 132000 99000 66000
28 Skardu 1600 5.50 660000
36000 48000 60000 60000 36000
29 Yugo 520 5.00 240000
Total 36137 10437 66342 99384 161262 159752 208800 287151 279331 300464 286648 313184 340400 382400 304424 354600 340800 389400 364800 328200 313200 209400 135600 5635979
ROR* Run of River Detailed Design & Tender Pre - Construction

Feasibility Study Implementation
Documents Activities
23
WATER ISSUES IN PAKISTAN
1. GROWING SHORTAGES vis-à-vis GROWING DEMAND
i. Reservoir Sedimentation/Replacement Storages – 27% Lost
ii. System losses especially seepage in Saline water zones.
iii. Anticipated water shortages due to Global Warming
2. FINANCIAL NON SUSTAINABILITY/ LACK OF WATER MANAGEMENT CAPACITY
i. Water Resources Management issues (Surface and Ground Water Misuse)
ii. Low Water Pricing and financial sustainability issues
iii. Inadequate O&M budget availability – 25% Abiana recovered only.
iv. Inefficient crop water use and primitive technology
v. Inadequate awareness amongst stakeholders regarding actual water cost.
3. ENHANCED WATER PRODUCTIVITY/WATER COSTING
i. High water use for Irrigation but low yield/production.
ii. Low productivity per unit of water to GDP as compared to other countries
iii. Uneconomic Costing of Water leads to Inefficient Application of Water
iv. Great difference of water allowance among various provinces / basins
v. Opportunity Cost of Water use – Not balanced
vi. O&M Cost of Irrigation Water not recovered from users
vii. Subsidized Irrigation and Municipal Water leads to wastage; increased water for Industries
and Municipal Services
4. ADVERSE IMPACT ON HEALTH/ENVIRONMENT
i. Environment / Health issues
ii. Changes in Environment – Floods, Drought, Crop Failure
iii. Inadequate drinking water and sanitation coverage
iv. Inadequate awareness amongst stakeholders regarding water use.
Cont’d…
24
1. GROWING SHORTAGES vis-à-vis GROWING DEMAND
INDICATOR
 Depleting ground water aquifer (Annual extraction 51 MAF, percolation under 50 MAF)
 Wastage through flood irrigation – Loss could be 30% - 40% ?
 Inequitable water availability amongst users – tail users denied / poor governance
 Water allowance discrepancy; some basins get high share
 Water-logging/salinity – 14% of total irrigated area lost – extra water leads to water
logging, fresh water conversion into saline
STRATEGIES
 Water Regulatory Authority (WRA) consisting of Federal and Provincial Governments
representatives be created under Enabling Legislation to regulate optimum water use
and balance water allocation in different basins / provinces
 Rationalize water allowance to suit actual requirement of area and climate; Laser land
leveling; improved cropping techniques; Need for hybrid and GM seeds
 Discourage high water use crops – sugarcane, rice except in rainfed area
 Implementation of High Efficiency Micro Irrigation Techniques
 Charge the actual cost of water by volume to reflect its scarcity
Cont’d… 25
2. WATER INFRASTRUCTURE UNSUSTAINABILITY /
FINANCIAL NON SUSTAINABILITY
INDICATORS
 Insufficient Maintenance of Irrigation Water Infrastructures; only 25% costs
recovered
 Unsustainable O&M Model, with backlog of maintenance in the face of
depreciating infrastructure; Sukkur & Guddu Barrage’s; canals not maintained
 Limited financial allocation leading to underinvestment; lack of allocative
efficiency due to low cost recovery/Financial Non Sustainability
 Project Management Capabilities weak, characterized by Cost Overrun/Project
delays
STRATEGIES
 Water Regularity Authority to improve the Water Management and Conservation
Capabilities under laws.
 Political Will to ensure recovery of Capital Cost and Full Annual O&M Cost
 Financial Allocation be enhanced for proper investment to improve efficiency
 Need for Training and Capacity Building Government Departments
 Capacity Building of Water User Organizations; enabling legislation
Cont’d… 26
3. ENHANCING WATER PRODUCTIVITY/WATER COSTING
INDICATORS
 Higher water use for Irrigation but low yield / production in
comparison with other countries
 Low Productivity per unit of water to GDP as compared to other
countries; (only 23% GDP contribution by Agriculture sector)
Productivity of Crops (Tons/ha)
• France = 7.6
• Egypt = 6.0
• Saudi Arabia = 5.4
• India (Punjab) = 4.8
• Pakistan = 2.2
GDP contribution per M3 of Water (US$)

• World (Average) = 8.6
• Developed Countries = 30-40
• Malaysia = 10
• Pakistan = 0.34
Contd..
Source: Pakistan’s Water Economy Running Dry – World Bank’s Report 2006
27
STRATEGIES
 Improvement in Water Management Techniques/Economic Water

Costing/ Water Metering to reflect scarcity.
 Improvement in Agriculture Management; laser leveling; hybrid seeds;
Genetically Modified (GM) cropping; optimize water use through high
efficiency irrigation techniques e.g. Sprinkler/Drip
 Discourage high water use crops – Sugarcane/Rice in Canal irrigated area/
Volumetric costing of water for efficient utilization/better yield
 Recovering O&M cost by Provincial Irrigation Departments; Water
metering to avoid waste; improve governance
 Treatment of effluent water/waste water for irrigation purposes – Pilot
Project initiated
 Barren lands to be brought under cultivation with water availability (20 M
Acres)
 Proper Monitoring of utilization of funds / Proforma based Audit
 Withdrawal of Subsidies to avoid distortion except for the poor
28
4. ADVERSE IMPACT ON HEALTH/ENVIRONMENT DUE
TO POLLUTED/UNSAFE WATER
INDICATOR
 Limited coverage of safe drinking water and sanitation.
 Increase in water borne diseases leads to loss in productivity upto 9% of GDP
 Pollution of fresh water aquifers / Pollution of water streams
 Environment degradation (15 MT Salts/Annum, Pollution)
STRATEGIES
 Increase coverage to clean drinking water & sanitation through community
groups
 Increase coverage of functioning sewerage (Rural/Urban population)
 Enforce EPA standards for waste water disposable / treatment of effluent
water
 Awareness campaign among stakeholders
29
NEW INITIATIVES
• Canal Lining
• Treatment of Effluents Water
• Underground Water Storages
• Use of old Mailsi Canal
• High Efficiency Irrigation Techniques
• Solar Power Tubewells at Mona Sargodha
• Inland Water Transport Authority
30
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Water Regulatory Authority (WRA) consisting of Federal and
Provincial Governments representatives be created to regulate
and optimize water use under enabling legislation
• Establishment of replacement storages to increase water
availability.
• Minimize seepage losses in saline areas by canal lining to
increase water availability; treatment of water effluents.
• Training and Capacity Building of Federal / Provincial institutions
dealing with water
• Use of technology – drip/sprinkler/rainwater harvesting /
telemetry etc.
• Discourage high water use crops relying on Irrigation
• Initiatives in water quality management for irrigation/municipal
use
• Reduce subsidies – cost recovery, water pricing for O&M
• Determination of anticipated water shortages due to climate
change / glacial melt effects
• Media awareness campaign for water conservation
• Improve integrated management of water resources and
transparency through stakeholders’ involvement.
31
WAPDA’s Achievements
• Construction of major Water infrastructure:
• Completion of Indus Basin Replacement Projects
• 5-Barrages: (Sidhnai (167,000 Cusecs), Qadirabad (900,000 Cusecs),
Rasul (850,000 Cusecs), Chashma (950,000 Cusecs), Marala (110,000
Cusecs).
8 Inter-River Link Canals: (Trimmu-Sidhnai, Sidhnai-Mailsi, Mailsi-
Bahawal, Rasul-Qadirabad, Qadirabad-Balloki, Balloki-Sulemanke-II,
Chashma-Jhelum, Taunsa-Panjnad)
• Mangla and Tarbela Dams
• Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project
• SCARPS Program (over 70 SCARPS)
• Development of Water Resources under WAPDA Vision 2025
• 5-Dams: (Mangla Raising, Gomal, Mirani, Sabakzai, Satpara)
3-Mega Canals: (Rainee, Kachhi, Greater Thal),
5-Hydropower Projects: (Allai, Khan, Duber, Jinnah, Neelum-Jhelum)
2-Drainage Projects- RBOD I & III (under implementation),
25000 MW Electricity (Under study)
• Expertise development in water & power engineering
PAKISTAN’S NEED FOR WATER RESERVOIRS
• WATER SCARCE COUNTRY AS PER GLOBAL CRITERIA – 1000 m3/Capita
• RAPIDLY INCREASING POPULATION – 172 Million (2010); 221 Million (2025)
• DEPLETING ON-LINE STORAGES – 26% Silted
• CHEAP HYDROPOWER (Rs. 1.07 per unit / Thermal Rs. 9.07 per unit)
• LARGE ESCAPAGES OF UNCONTROLLED FLOOD TO SEA – average 32 MAF
• EFFECTIVE RIVER REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF EXISTING

IRRIGATION SYSTEM
• NON-PERENNIAL CANALS WOULD BECOME PERENNIAL CANALS
• IMPROVEMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES
35
POSSIBLE MODES FOR
AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLIES
• Additional Storages
• Water Conservation
• Introduction of Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation
• Recycling of Effluent After Treatment
• Use of Saline Water for Agriculture
• Desalination
36
MAJOR WAPDA PROJECTS COMPLETED
2000-2009
Storage Power
Project Name Cost
(MAF) (MW)
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower

US$ 2250 Million - 1450
Project
Mirani Dam Project Rs. 5811 Million 0.152 -
Sabakzai Dam Project Rs. 2005 Million 0.147 -
37
MAJOR WAPDA PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION
DAMS
PC-I Cost Storage Power Progress/
S# Name of Project (Rs. in Million) (MW) Completion
Live (MAF)
Original 62553 Additional 644 GWh Substantially

1. MANGLA DAM RAISING Additional Completed
Revised 101384 2.88 2009
2. 12829 17.4 59%

GOMAL ZAM DAM 0.892 Oct 2010
3. Original 2090 17.36 87%

SATPARA DAM Revised 4806 0.053 Aug 2010
34.76 MW &
Total 4.723 644 GWh
38
MAJOR WAPDA PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION
CANALS
Sr Name of Project PC-I Cost Irrigated Area Progress/
# (Rs. in Million) (Acres) Completion
1. 6297 89.5%
RAINEE CANAL 412,400 / 113,690 Phase-I
Dec 2010
57%
2. KACHHI CANAL 31204 713,000 / 102,000 Phase-I
Dec 2010
Substantially
3. GREATER THAL CANAL 10144 1,739,000 / 355,000Phase-I
completed
Total 47645 2,864,400 / 570,690 Phase-I
DRAINAGE PROJECTS
84%
1. RBOD – I 14707 542,500
Dec 2010
71%
2. RBOD – III 4485 287,106
Dec 2010
Total 19,192 829,606
39
WHEAT YIELDS PER UNIT OF LAND AND WATER
40
STORAGE PER CAPITA IN DIFFERENT SEMI-ARID COUNTRIES
Source: World Bank Report: Better Management of Indus Basin Waters – Strategic Issues & Challenges
41
BENEFITS FROM BASHA AND KALABAGH
42
DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICALLY-FEASIBLE HYDRPOWER
POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
43
PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL INDICATORS FOR SOME
MULTIPURPOSE DAMS
44
WHO BENEFIT FROM NEW INDUS STORAGE
45
MANGLA DAM RAISING PROJECT
LOCATION: MANGLA DISTT: MIRPUR AJK
HEIGHT: 30 FT. RAISING FROM 1234 FT TO 1264 FT
ADDITIONAL STORAGE: 2.88 MAF
POWER GENERATION: 644 GWH (PER ANNUM).
COMMENCEMENT DATE 20, JUNE 2004
COMPLETION DATE: 19, September 2007/ June 2009
APPROVED PC-I COST: RS: 62553 MILLION I/C FEC RS: 9678 MILLION
EIRR = 18%
APPROVING AUTHORITY Approved by ECNEC on 27.09.2003
46
GOMAL ZAM DAM (EPC CONTRACT)
LOCATION: ON GOMAL RIVER ABOUT 140 KM FROM D.I. KHAN KPK
TYPE: ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE GRAVITY DAM
HEIGHT OF DAM: 437 FT.
LENGTH OF DAM: 758 FT.
LENGTH OF MAIN CANAL: 63 KM (CAPACITY 848 CUSECS)
LENGTH OF 203 KM
DISTRIBUTARIES:
GROSS STORAGE: 1.140 MAF
LIVE STORAGE: 0.892 MAF
COMMAND AREA: 1,63,086 ACRES
POWER GENERATION: 17.4 MW / 90.9 GWH
COMMENCEMENT DATE 15.07.2002 Revised as 06.04.2007
COMPLETION DATE: 28.09.2006 / Revised as October 2010
APPROVED PC-I COST: RS: 12,829 MILLION ( EPC Contract cost Rs. 10401Million)
Approving Authority Approved by ECNEC on 30.08.2001
CONSULTANT: MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS GZDP J/V WITH NDC AS LEAD
FIRM
CONTRACTOR: Re-awarded to FWO on 09.03.2007.
47
SATPARA DAM PROJECT
LOCATED ON SATPARA NALLAH, ABOUT 7 KM SOUTH OF SKARDU
LOCATION: TOWN.
TYPE: EARTH FILL (CLAYCORE)
HEIGHT OF DAM: 128 FT.
LENGTH OF DAM: 560 FT.
STORAGE GROSS : 0.093 MAF
STORAGE LIVE : 0.053 MAF
LENGTH OF CANALS: RIGHT BANK 21 KM (35 CS), LEFT BANK 22 KM (135 CS)
COMMAND AREA: 15536 ACRES (3102 + 12434)
POWER GENERATION: 17.3 MW / 105.51 GWh – FOR LOCAL USE
COMMENCEMENT DATE: APRIL 2003
COMPLETION DATE: JULY 2010 PH#1 & 2 – up to date generation = 13.178 M units
APPROVED PC-I COST: Rs. 2090.431 Million (Revised Rs. 4805.975 Million)
48
KURRAM TANGI DAM PROJECT
49
KURRAM TANGI DAM PROJECT
Location – The proposed project site is located at Kurram River in North Waziristan
Agency about 22 km upstream of Kurram Garhi Head Works and 32 km North of
Bannu City in KPK
Height 322 ft
Gross Storage 1.20 MAF
Live Storage 0.90 MAF
Command Area 3,62,380 ACRES (including new area of 84,300 Acres)
Installed Capacity 83.4 MW (350 GWh)

Commencement Date YET TO COMMENCE
Completion Date PERIOD OF COMPLETION IS 4 YEARS
Cost of Project US$ 300 Million
EIRR 16.12%
50
RAINEE CANAL PROJECT
OFF TAKES FROM LEFT BANK OF GUDDU BARRAGE AND
LOCATION WOULD IRRIGATE AREAS IN DIST GHOTKI, SUKKUR &
KHAIRPUR-
LENGTH OF MAIN CANAL 175 KM
CANAL CAPACITY 5155 CUSECS

LENGTH OF BRANCHES,
DISTRIBUTARIES AND 609 KM
MINORS
COMMAND AREA: 412400 ACRES (PHASE-I 1,13,690 ACRES)

COMMENCEMENT DATE 01.10.2002
COMPLETION DATE June 2010
APPROVED PC-I COST Rs. 18862 MILLION (PHASE-I Rs. 6.297 BILLION)
Approving Authority Approved by ECNEC on 18.02. 2004
51
KACHHI CANAL PROJECT
LOCATION: D.G. KHAN, RAJAN PUR DISTTS: (PUNJAB), DERA BUGTI,
NASIRABAD, BOLAN, JHAL MAGSI DISTTS:
(BALOCHISTAN)
LENGTH OF MAIN CANAL: 500 KM (PHASE-I 402 KM)
300 KM (LINED ) IN PUNJAB
200 KM (UNLINED) IN BALOCHISTAN
DISTRIBUTARIES: 1500 KM (PHASE-I 102 KM)

CANAL CAPACITY: 6000 CUSECS
COMMAND AREA: 713000 ACRES (PHASE-I: 1,02,000 CCA)
COMMENCEMENT DATE
OCTOBER 2002
COMPLETION DATE
(PHASE-I): DEC 2010
APPROVED PC-I COST: Rs. 31204 MILLION (PHASE-I RS. 20,000 MILLION)
52
GREATER THAL CANAL
LOCATION: KHUSHAB, BHAKKAR, LAYYAH AND JHANG
DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB
LENGTH OF MAIN CANAL: 35 KM
CAPACITY: 8500 CUSECS
BRANCH CANALS (LENGTH): 344 KM (PHASE-I 65 KM)
DISTRIBUTARIES & MINORS: 1999 KM (PHASE-I 400 KM)
COMMAND AREA: 1,739,000 ACRES (PHASE-I 355,000 ACRES)
COMMENCEMENT DATE 16.08.2001
COMPLETION DATE
(PHASE-I): June, 2009
APPROVED PC-I COST: RS: 30467.109 MILLION (PHASE-I Rs. 9280 MILLION)
53
RBOD-I PROJECT
LOCATION LARKANA / DADU / SHIKARPUR.
CAPITAL COST (ORG PC-I) RS. 4395.000 M INCLUDING IDC Rs.2664 MILLION.
(1ST REVISED PC-I) RS. 8289.000 M INCLUDING IDC Rs.4558 MILLION SUBMITTED TO
ADDENDUM TO REVISED PC-I PLANNING COMMISSION IN NOVEMBER 2003
RS. 14707.143 M APPROVED BY ECNEC 30.11.2006.
APPROVAL DATE OF PC-I • ORIGINAL 18.09.2004

• CLEARED BY CDWP ON 16.02.2004 AND APPROVAL OF ECNEC ON
NOV 30,.2006.
COMMENCEMENT DATE JULY 1994 (REVISED JULY 2004)

SCHEDULED DATE OF
COMPLETION AS PER DEC, 2010
ADDENDUM TO REVISED PC-I
PROJECT SCOPE 1. EXTENSION OF RBOD (MAIN NARA VALLEY DRAIN) UPTO

MIROKHAN ZERO POINT 40 KM FOR 3500 CUSECS.
2. WIDENING OF IL-2 & IL-3 - 18 KM FOR 3500 CUSECS.
3. INDUS LINK IL-1 (BALANCE WORK) INCLUDING ITS WIDENING FOR
3500 CS
4. REHABILITATION OF SHAHDADKOT SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
5. REHABILITATION OF MIROKHAN SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
6. REMODELING / WIDENING OF MNVD FROM 2170 CUSECS TO 3500
CUSECS.
54
RBOD-III PROJECT
LOCATION NASEERABAD AND JAFARABAD DISTRICTS OF
BALOCHISTAN, JACOBABAD AND LARKANA
DISTRICTS OF SINDH
CAPITAL COST RS. 4485.200 MILLION INCLUDING IDC RS.655 MILLION
APPROVAL DATE OF PC-I 16.2.2004
COMMENCEMENT DATE JULY 2004
COMPLETION DATE (REV.) June 2010
PROJECT SCOPE 1. HAIRDIN CARRIER DRAIN EXTENSION FROM
CHUKHI TO MKZP AND 6KM NORTH OF CHUKHI.
2. CONSTRUCTION OF IRRIGATION CHANNEL FOR
REUTILIZATION OF 400 CUSECS OF
BALOCHISTAN EFFLUENT.
3. RBOD EXTENSION FROM MIROKHAN ZERO POINT
TO HAIRDIN PUMP STATION.
4. USTA MUHAMMAD DRAINAGE UNIT.
55
ALLAI KHWAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION: THE PROJECT IS LOCATED ON ALLAI KHWAR,
LEFT TRIBUTARY OF INDUS RIVER NEAR BESHAM
IN KPK, 245 KM FROM ISLAMABAD
DAM HEIGHT: 32.50 m
LENGTH OF TUNNEL: 2366 m
MAXIMUM GROSS 697 m

HEAD
ANNUAL ENERGY: 463 GWh
POWER GENERATION: 121 MW
COMMENCEMENT JUNE 2003

DATE:
COMPLETION DATE: OCTOBER, 2011
PC-I COST: Rs. 8577.824 MILLION
EXP: UPTO 30.06.2009 RS. 5880.439 MILLION
56
KHAN KHWAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
KHAN KHWAR IS LOCATED ON KHAN
KHWAR RIVER, A TRIBUTARY OF INDUS
LOCATION: RIVER. THE PROJECT AREA IS AT A
DISTANCE OF 245 KM FROM ISLAMABAD.
HEIGHT: 30 m
MAXIMUM GROSS HEAD 257 m
POWER GENERATION: 72 MW
COMMENCEMENT DATE: JUNE 2003
COMPLETION DATE: JUNE 2010
PC-I COST: Rs. 5362.705 MILLION (Revised Rs.
8301.479)
EXP: UPTO 30.06.2009 Rs. 5104.099 MILLION
57
DUBER KHWAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
THE PROJECT IS LOCATED ON RIVER DUBER
KHWAR, RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARY OF INDUS RIVER
LOCATION:
NEAR PATAN IN KPK AT A DISTANCE OF 265 KM
FROM ISLAMABAD.
HEIGHT: 32 m
Max. GROSS HEAD: 540 m
POWER 130 MW
GENERATION:
COMMENCEMENT JULY 2003
DATE:
COMPLETION DATE: AUGUST 2011
PC-I COST: Rs. 9754.260 MILLION (Revised Rs.16324.476 M)
EXP: UPTO 30.06.2009 RS. 6741.135 MILLION
58
JINNAH HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Located on the right side of existing Jinnah Barrage about 5 km
downstream Kalabagh Town (District Mianwali).
PC-I APPROVED COST

PC-I approved by ECNEC on 02.09.2002 for Rs.13546.8 million (including
FEC of Rs.6608.221 million).
SALIENT FEATURES
Installed Capacity 96 MW
Design Discharge 2800 m3/sec
Gross Head 4.88 m
Annual Energy 688 million KWh
Date of Start February 2006
Date of Completion May 2011
(Project is delayed by about 12
months)
59
NEELUM JHELUM HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
LOCATION
• The project is located in the vicinity of Muzaffarabad, AJK.
Project is about 114 Km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Overall Project Cost Rs. 130 Billion. (US$ 2.16 billion)
Installed Capacity 969 MW, 4 Units @ 242 MW
 Annual Energy 5150 Million Units
Average Head 420 Meters
Design Discharge 280 Cumecs
Tunneling Two; dia; 7.3 meter - 15 km,
( Total 47 KM) One; dia; 9.6 meter - 17 Km,
EIRR 26%
Implementation Period 8 Years
60
DIAMER-BASHA DAM PROJECT
SALIENT FEATURES
Location – 40 KM downstream of Chilas
Maximum Height 272 m
Type Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC)
Gross capacity 8.1 MAF
Live capacity 6.4 MAF
POWER HOUSES 2 (underground, one each

on right & left side)
Installed capacity 4500 MW
ESTIMATED COST US$ 11.3 Billion
EIRR 19%
61
AKHORI DAM PROJECT
SALIENT FEATURES
1. DAM
- Type of Dam Earth Core Rock fill Dam
- Length 5.16 Km (3.23 Miles)
- Maximum Height 122 meters (400Ft)
2. SADDLE DAM
- Type of Dam Earth and Rockfill
- Height 65 meters (213 Ft)
- Length 7.65 Km (4.78 Miles)
3. CONVEYANCE CHANNEL
- Discharge 1700 m3/s (60,000 Cusecs)
- Length 37 Kms
4. STORAGE
- Gross Storage 7.00 MAF
- Live Storage 6.00 MAF
5. - POWER 600 MW (2150 GWh)
6. PROJECT COST Rs.263.98 Billion
US$ 4.4 Billion
7. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 5 Years
62
SUKLEJI DAM PROJECT
LOCATION
Across Sukleji River in Bolan and Jhal Magsi districts of Balochistan.
OBJECTIVES
• Irrigation Development
• Hydropower Generation
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Consultants have declared Site A technically unfeasible and
recommended to initiate studies at Site C.
SALIENT FEATURES
• Height 110 Ft.
• Type Zoned Earth filled
• Command Area 12,000 acres
• Gross Storage 42000 AF
• Power Generation 0.16 MW
• Cost Rs. 5000 Million
63
SEHWAN BARRAGE COMPLEX
Location Barrage is located 4 mile upstream of Sehwan Sharif. The
project area is located in the Southern half of the Lower
Indus Region.
Scope of work Feeder Channels 5 Nos.
Left Bank Feeders Sakrand (860 cusecs)
Rohri (13280 cusecs)
Nara (11053 cusecs)
Right Bank Feeders Dadu (808 cusecs)
Manchar (10,000 cusecs)
Rehabilitation of Combined storage Capacity
Canal 0.66 MAF
Area to be irrigated
2.51 M. Acres
Project Meeting irrigation Water Shortages, storage development,
Benefits maximizing crop intensities and fisheries development.
64
65
MUNDA DAM PROJECT
SALIENT FEATURES
Location - On Swat River about 5 km upstream of Munda
Head Works in Mohmand Agency (FATA)
Type Concrete face rockfill dam
Height 700 Ft
Gross Storage 1.30 MAF
Live Storage 0.67 MAF
INSTALLED CAPACITY 740 MW (2407 GWh)
LEFT BANK CANAL
Command Area 10057 Acres
RIGHT BANK CANAL
Command Area 5040 Acres
Retrieved from Private Sector 66
BRIEFS OF
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
UNDER STUDY BY
HYDRO PLANNING, WAPDA
KOHALA HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located in Muzaffarabad District, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The dam site is proposed just
upstream of Domel on Jhelum River, 30 km and 174 km from Muzaffarabad and Islamabad,
respectively and powerhouse is located 7 km upstream from Kohala Bridge.
SALIENT FEATURES as per Detailed Design 2010

Installed Capacity (MW) 1100
Gross Head (m) 320
Design Discharge (m3/sec) 425
Mean Annual Energy (Gwh) 4800
No. & Type of Turbines 4 (Francis)
Type of Dam RCC
Height of Dam (m) 57
Estimated Project Base Cost (Billion US$) 2.155
Estimated construction period (years) 6
EIRR 19.9
Benefit Cost Ratio 3.10
STATUS
Feasibility study, Detailed Design and Tender Documents completed. Private Power Infrastructure
Board (PPIB) has issued LOI to China International Water and Electric Power Company (CWE) on
15.01.2009 for implementation of the project.
DASU HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Dasu hydropower project is a run of river scheme in District Kohistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
7 km upstream of Dasu village on Indus River, 74 km downstream of Diamer Basha Dam and
345 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES as per Feasibility Study 2009
1 River Indus
2 Capacity (MW) 4320
3 Annual Energy (GWh) 21300
4 Gross Head (m) 210
5 Design Discharge (m3/s) 2600
6 Dam Height (m) 233 above bed rock
7 Type of Dam Roller Compacted Concrete
8 Gross Storage Capacity (MAF) 1.15
9 Power Tunnel (Km) 3.1 (average)
10 Powerhouse Type Underground
11 Type of Turbines Vertical Francis
12 No. of Units 8
13 Dam Crest Level 957
14 Normal Reservoir Level (m) 950
15 Spillway Crest (m) 930
16 Tail Water Level (m) 738
17 Estimated Project Base Cost (Billion US$) 5.206
18 Estimated Construction period (years) 8
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Appointment of Consultants for Detailed Design and Tender Documents is in progress.
BUNJI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located on Indus River near Gilgit town in Gilgit Baltistan Province. Power
House and Dam sites are 560 km & 610 km, respectively from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES (As per draft Feasibility Report 2010)
•Dam Height 190 m, RCC
•Gross Storage 252 Million m3 (204,000 AF)
•Reservoir Area 4.18 km2
•Reservoir Length 22 km
•Headrace tunnels 05 #, 7.8 km each
•Design discharge 1900 m3/s
•Net Head 418 m
•Installed Capacity 7100 MW
•Mean Annual Energy 24088 GWh
•Plant Factor 38.7%
•Transmission Line 800 km, 765 kV, 3 Lines
•Estimated Project Base Cost US$ 6.830 Billion
•Construction Period 9 years
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Detailed Design and Tender Documents in progress.
LOWER PALAS VALLEY HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Palas Valley Hydropower Project is located on Chor Nullah a left bank tributary of Indus River in
Kohistan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The confluence of Chor nullah (Palas Valley) with Indus
River is located 12 km upstream of Patan town and 335 km from Islamabad.

Gross Head (m) 805
Mean Annual Energy (GWh) 2635
No. & Type of Turbine 3, Pelton
Type of Dam Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dam (CFRD)

Project Base Cost (Mill. US$) 763.62
STATUS
Feasibility study completed by Consultants.
71
LOWER SPAT GAH HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Spat Gah is the left bank tributary of Indus River in Kohistan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The confluence of Spat Gah is located 8 km downstream of Dasu town, 35 km upstream of
Patan town and 365 km from Islamabad.

Gross Head (m) 745
Type or Dam Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD)
Project Base Cost (Mill. US$) 696
STATUS
Feasibility study completed by Consultants.
72
KEYAL KHWAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan on Keyal Khwar in Kohistan
District. The project is accessible by road and is at a distance of 310 km from Islamabad. Keyal
Khwar is the right bank tributary of Indus River.

Gross Head (m) 732
Type of Dam Concrete gravity
Height of Dam (m) 42.5
Estimated Project Base Cost (million EURO) 179.9
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Consultants for Detailed Design, Tender Documents hired w.e.f.
1st June 2010.
•73
PHANDAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project area is located between Phandar Lake and Chhashi Gol, near the Chhashi
village on the right side of Ghizar River in Ghizar District of Gilgit/Baltistan. Phandar Lake
is located about 160 km north-west of Gilgit town and 772 km north of Islamabad.

Gross Head (m) 237
No. & Types of Turbine 4, Pelton
Project Base Cost (million US$) 70
Detailed Design and Tender Document Study Period (months) 18
Construction Period (months) 48
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Evaluation of Technical Proposal by Consultants for Detailed
Engineering Design and preparation of Tender Documents completed. Consultancy
Contract negotiations underway with top ranked firm.
BASHO HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The proposed scheme is identified along the Basho Lungma, a left tributary of Indus River. The confluence
of Basho Lungma with Indus River is located about 40 km downstream of north-west of Skardu town and
704 km north-east of Islamabad.

Gross Head (m) 949
Design Discharge (m3/sec) 3.5
Type of Weir Tyrolean Weir
Estimated Project Base Cost updated 2009 (million US$) 40.08
Study Period for updation/review of Feasibility Study (month) 7

Implementation Period (months) 48
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Process for hiring of Consultancy Services for updation of Feasibility Study is
in progress.
HARPO HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The proposed scheme is identified along 2.5 km lower stretch of Harpo Lungma, a left bank
tributary of Indus River in Rondu Area, district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. The project area is
located 75 km north-west of Skardu town and 670 km north-east of Islamabad.

Gross Head (m) 716
Energy Generated 187 GWh
Penstock Length (m) 2885
No. of Units 3 Pelton
Project Base Cost updated 2009 (million US$) 44.600
Study Period for updation/review of Feasibility Study (month) 7

STATUS
Feasibility study completed. Formulation of Contract Documents are in process
with the top ranking firm. Authority has approved combine ranking of firm.
Approval from Economic Affairs Division (EAD) is awaited.
LAWI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located on the right bank of Shishi River, a left tributary of Chitral
River. The project involves diversion of Shishi River into Chitral River and about
350 km from Islamabad, 40 km downstream of Chitral.

• Installed Capacity (MW) 70
• Gross Head (m) 413
• Design Discharge m3/sec 20
• Mean Annual Energy (Mil. KWh) 303
• No. & Type of Turbine 3 (Pelton)
• Project Base Cost (Mill. US$) (Est.) 84
• Implementation Period (Years) 4
STATUS
Feasibility study completed. PC-I for Detailed Design, Tender Documents and
project implementation is under process for approval with Planning
Commission.
THAKOT HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Thakot dam site is located in a narrow section of Indus River, about 3 km downstream of Besham.
Distance from Islamabad is about 240 km. Project is located in District Besham Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Province.
SALIENT FEATURES ranking by Monenco 1983

Gross Head (m) 138
Tunnel Length (km) 19.8
Estimated Project Base Cost (Billion US$) 6
Feasibility Study period (month) 24
STATUS
PC-II for Feasibility study submitted to MOW&P for approval by the Planning Commission.
PATAN HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Patan dam site is located on the Indus River about 4 km upstream of village Patan downstream of
Keyal Khwar in Kohistan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The power house (underground) is
situated on the left bank 8 km upstream of Besham and 275 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES as Ranking by Monenco 1983

Gross Head (m) 150
Project Base Cost (Billion US$) 6
Feasibility Study Period (month) 24
STATUS
PC-II for Feasibility study has been approved by CDWP. Consultants/JVs have submitted EOI
documents. The evaluation for pre-qualification of Consultants will start shortly.
BRIEFS OF
FUTURE HYDROPOWER
PROJECTS
TRAPPI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project area is located on the river Trappi. The Project is about 160 km from Islamabad in Mansehra
District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
SALIENT FEATURES
Project Location on 18 km from Mansehra
Installed capacity 30 MW
Mean Annual Energy 212.7 GWh
Dam height 140 m
Dam Crest 450 m
Reservoir Maximum Operating Level 2600 ft
Live Storage 200,000 Acre-ft
Pressure pipe/tunnel 1500 m
Design discharge 25 m 3/s
Maximum gross head 168 m
Plant factor 80.9%
STATUS
PC-II has been submitted for approval for conducting pre-feasibility study.
DUDHNIAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located on the right bank of Neelum river, 103 km north east of Muzaffarabad in
AJK. Dam site is to be located 2 km upstream of Dudhnial village and Powerhouse near
Dowarian village 63 km upstream of N.J. HPP Dam site. The project area is accessible from
Muzaffarabad, through truckable road, 240 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Net Head (m) 368
No. & Type of Turbine 4 francis
Headrace tunnel length (km) 9.3
Reservoir length (km) 38
Tentative Live Storage (MAF) 1.0
STATUS
PC-II has been submitted for approval for conducting pre-feasibility study.
YULBO HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The dam site is to be located on Indus River 6 km upstream of Silbo and Yulbo villages and the
powerhouse is some 9 km upstream of village Shengus in Skardu District (Tehsil Dambudas).
SALIENT FEATURES as per Ranking by Monenco 1984

• Generation Capacity 2800 MW
• Drainage Area 114,200 Km2
• Average Flow 990 m3/s
• Dam Height 140 m
• Head Water Level 1920 m
• Tail Water Level 1796 m
• Length of Power Tunnel 12.1 km
• Gross Head 238 m
• Net Head 211 m
• Design Discharge 1500 m3/s
• Annual Energy 11400 GWh
• Plant Factor 45.8%
• Estimated Project Base Cost US$ 6500 Million
STATUS
Identified by MONENCO under Inventory & Ranking Study of Indus River Basin.
Capacity has been upgraded on the basis of latest hydrological data. Desk Studies
done by Hydro Planning, WAPDA.
TUNGUS HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
•The dam site is to be located on Indus River 2 km upstream of Tangus village and 53 km downstream of Skardu
city. The powerhouse site is located 6 km upstream of Dambudas and 65 km downstream of Skardu in Gilgit
Baltistan Province.
LAYOUT
•The dam near Tangus village would divert Indus river flows on the left bank. The headrace would be about 11 km
long and powerhouse would be underground near Skoyo village, 5 km downstream of Tormic nullah.
SALIENT FEATURES
•Drainage Area 113,000 km2
•Average Flow 962 m3/s
•Dam Height 127 m
•Head Water Level 2110 m
•Tail Water Level 1920 m
•Length of Power Tunnel 11.3 km
•Gross Head 190 m
•Net Head 170 m
•Design Discharge 1500 m3/s
•Plant Capacity 2200 MW
PRESENT STATUS
Identified by MONENCO under Inventory & Ranking Study of Indus River Basin. Desk Studies initiated by Hydro
Planning, WAPDA.
SKARDU DAM PROJECT
LOCATION
Skardu Dam site is located on Indus river, 35 Km downstream of the Skardu city
and 5 km downstream of Ayub Bridge in Gilgit Baltistan.
SALIENT FEATURES
• River
Indus
• Generation Capacity 1600 MW
• Distance from mouth 2550 Km
• Dam height 230 m
• Head Water Level 2260 m
• Tail Water Level 2134 m
• Live Storage 7.50 MAF
• Dead Storage 5.0 MAF
• Average Flow 951 m3/s
• Mean Annual Energy 9300 Gwh
PRESENT STATUS
Desk Studies initiated by Hydro Planning, WAPDA.
SHYOK (YUGO) HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The dam site is to be located on Shyok River near Yugo village, 60 km from
Skardu city. The powerhouse site is located just downstream of Dam.
SALIENT FEATURES
•Dam Height 165 m
•Storage Capacity 5.00 MAF
•Gross Head 150 m
•Net Head 146 m
PRESENT STATUS
Desk Studies initiated by Hydro Planning, WAPDA.
KUNDAL SHAHI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
•LOCATION
•The dam site is to be located on Shyok River near Yugo village, 60 km from Skardu city. The
powerhouse site is located just downstream of Dam.
•SALIENT FEATURES
•Dam Height 165 m
•Gross Head 150 m
•Net Head 146 m
•PRESENT STATUS
•The project is identified by MECO under CIDA grant during 1984.
•The capacity has been studies by HPO, WAPDA.

CHASHMA RIGHT BANK CANAL
(LIFT-CUM-GRAVITY)
Location D.I.Khan Division KPK
Salient Features Length of Main Canal 73Miles
Capacity 2533 Cusecs
L/ of Feeder Canal 37 Miles
Capacity 2613 Cusecs
Command Area 286,100 Acres
Lift 64 ft.
Pumping Units & 6 of 353 Cusecs
Capacity 2 of 212 Cusecs
Objective The main objective of this project is irrigated agriculture
development of 286100 acres through lift cum gravity
from Indus River.
Scope of Work Preparation of Detailed Engineering Designs and Tender
Drawings / Documents
88
GOLEN GOL HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located on Golen Gol Nullah, a tributary of Mastuj River, 25 km
from Chitral in KPK along Chitral-Gilgit Road.
SALIENT FEATURES
Annual Energy (million kWh) 436
Design Head (m) 435
Cost of the Project (mill. US$) 117
Cost of the Project (Up dated) 133
Implementation Period (months)42
TRANSMISSION LINE
The project will be connected to National Grid at Chakdara through 132 kV
double circuit 224 km long transmission line.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
The project has no significant environmental impact.
CONSULTANT
JV of Pakistan Engineering Services and M/s Fichner Germany
89
90
KOHALA HYDROPOWER PROJECT
SALIENT FEATURES
LOCATION – Distt Muzaffarabad
Annual Energy 4800 GWh
Type of Dam RCC
Height of Dam 57 m
Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design under
preparation (2007-2009)
Consultants – Joint Venture, Lead Firm SMEC (Australia)
91
TARBELA 4TH EXTENSION HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION Tarbela Dam (on Indus river), Swabi, KPK

Salient Features
Tunnel – 4 (already constructed)
Purpose Irrigation
Type Concrete/Steel Lined
Diameter 45 ft to 36 ft
Cross Section Circular
Length 2997 ft
Outlet Flip Bucket Type
Dam (already constructed)
Height 485 ft (147.82 m)
Length 9000 ft (2743 m)
Spillway (already constructed)
Powerhouse
Installed Capacity 960 MW
Estimated Cost US$ 700 Million
STATUS
RFP issued for updating Feasibility Study & Detailed Engg Design, submission date is
14.10.09
92
DASU HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Dasu hydropower project is a run of river scheme 7 km upstream of Dasu village on
Indus River, 74 km downstream of Diamer Basha Dam and 345 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
1 River Indus
2 Capacity (MW) 4320
3 Annual Energy (GWh) 21300
4 Gross Head (m) 210
5 Design Discharge (m3/s) 2600
6 Dam Height (m) 233 above bed rock
7 Type of Dam Roller Compacted Concrete
8 Gross Storage Capacity (MAF) 1.15
9 Power Tunnel (Km) 3.1 (average)
10 Powerhouse Type Underground
11 Type of Turbines Vertical Francis
12 No. of Units 8
13 Dam Crest Level 957
14 Normal Reservoir Level (m) 950
15 Spillway Crest (m) 930
16 Tail Water Level (m) 738
17 Estimated Project Cost (Billion US$) 7.8
18 Estimated Construction period (years) 8
93
94
BUNJI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
SALIENT FEATURES
Location – On Indus River about 83 KM from Gilgit
Type of Dam Gravity RCC
Height of Dam 180 m
Annual Energy 21250 GWh
Tunnel Length 6.3 km
Construction Period 7-8 Years
Consultants – Joint Venture, Lead Firm Mott MacDonald
(England)
Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents
under preparation
95
PHANDAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project area is located between Phandar Lake and Chhashi Gol, near the
Chhashi village on the right side of Ghizar River in Ghizar District of Northern
Areas. Phandar Lake is located about 160 km north-west of Gilgit town and 772
km north of Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 237
No. & Types of Turbine 4, Pelton
Estimated Project Cost (million US$) 70
Study Period (months) 18
Construction Period (months) 36
96
LOWER PALAS VALLEY HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Palas Valley Hydropower Project is located on the left bank tributary of Indus
River in Kohistan District, KPK. The confluence of Chor nullah (Palas Valley) is
located 12 km upstream of Patan town and 335 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 757
Tentative Project Cost (Mill. US$) 667
97
LOWER SPAT GAH HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Spat Gah is the left bank tributary of Indus River in Kohistan District, KPK. The
confluence of Spat Gah is located 8 km downstream of Dasu town, 35 km
upstream of Patan town and 365 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 740
Type or Dam Concrete gravity
Tentative Project Cost (Mill. US$) 614
98
BASHO HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The proposed scheme is identified along the Basho Lungma, a left tributary of
Indus River. The confluence of Basho Lungma with Indus River is located about 40
km downstream of north-west of Skardu town and 704 km north-east of Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 949
Type of Weir Tyrolean Weir
Estimated Project Cost updated 2009 (million US$) 34.370
Local (million US$) 17.930
Foreign (million US$) 16.440
Study Period (month) 18
99
KEYAL KHWAR HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located in the North-West Frontier Province (KPK) of Pakistan on

Keyal Khwar in Kohistan District. The project is accessible by road and is at a
distance of 310 km from Islamabad. Keyal Khwar is the right bank tributary of
Indus River.
SALIENT FEATURES

Gross Head (m) 732
Height of Dam (m) 42.5
Estimated Project Cost (million EURO) 179.9
100
LAWI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project area is located on the right bank of Shishi River, a left tributary
of Chitral River. The project involves diversion of Shishi River into Chitral
River. The Project is about 350 km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 413
Design Discharge m3/sec 20
Mean Annual Energy (Mil. KWh) 303
No. & Type of Turbine 3 (Pelton)
Estimated Project Cost (MilUS$) 120
Implementation Period (Years) 4
101
HARPO HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The proposed scheme is identified along 2.5 km lower stretch of Harpo
Lungma, a left tributary of Indus River in Rondu Area, district Skardu. The
project area is located 75 km north-west of Skardu town and 670 km north-
east of Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 716
Channel Length (m) 410
Penstock Length (m) 2885
No. of Units 3 Pelton
Energy Generated (GWh) 187
Estimated Project Cost updated 2009 (million US$) 38.682
Local (million US$) 20.902
Foreign (million US$) 17.780
102
THAKOT HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Thakot dam site is located in a narrow section of Indus River, about 3 km
downstream of Besham Qila. Distance from Islamabad is about 240 km.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 138
Estimated Project Cost (Billion US$) 6
Study period (month) 24
103
PATAN HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
Patan dam site is located on the Indus River about 4 km upstream of village
Patan downstream of Keyal Khwar. The power house (underground) is
situated on the left bank 8 km upstream of Besham Qila and 275 km from
Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Gross Head (m) 150
Estimated Project Cost (Billion US$) 6
104
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS UNDER STUDIES BY WAPDA
Sr. Installed Approx Project
No Project River Location Capacity Status / Study Completion Construction
(MW) Cost (US$)
1 Diamer-Basha Indus Chilas / 4500 Ready for construction. 11.3 billion
Kohistan
2 Golen Gol Golen Gol- Chitral-Mastuj 106 Ready for construction. 130 million
Mastuj
Detailed engg design & Tender
3 Kohala Jhelum Kohala 1100 documents. Aug 2009 2.16 billion
RFP issued for updating feasibility
4 Tarbela 4th Ext. Indus Tarbela Dam 960 study & detailed engg design, 700 million
submission date is 14.10.09
Feasibility study completed, RFP
5 Dasu Indus Dasu 4320 for detailed design and tender 7.8 billion
documents issued, submission by
08.09.2009
Feasibility study, detailed engg
6 Bunji Indus Gilgit 7000 design & tender documents. 6.8 billion
Aug 2010
7 Phandar Ghizar Gilgit 80 documents Dec 2011 70 million
8 Palas Valley Chor Nullah Pattan 621 Feasibility Study. Nov 2009 667 million
9 Spat Gah Spat Gah Pattan 567 Feasibility Study. Oct 2009 614 million
10 Basho Basho Skardu 28 documents. Mar 2012 35 million
Detailed engg design, tender
11 Keyal Khwar Keyal Pattan 122 documents and const. supervision 180 million
Khwar Dec 2010
12 Lawi Shishi Darosh- 70 Detailed engg design & Tender
120 million
Chitral documents. Dec 2011
13 Harpo Harpo Skardu 33 Detailed engg design & Tender
40 million
Lungma documents. Dec 2011
14 Thakot HPP Indus Thakot 2800 PC-II submitted to MoW&P 6 billion
15 Pattan Indus Pattan 2800 PC-II submitted to MoW&P 6 billion
16 Yulbo Indus Skardu 3000 Desk Study. 6 billion
17 Shyok Shyok Skardu 600 Desk study. 1 billion
TOTAL 26230 49.616 billion
105
NEELUM JHELUM HYDROPOWER PROJECT
3464
N 2679
RIVER
2127
INTAKE
NAUSADDA
3086 NAUSERI
2915
RAINKOT
MUZAFFARABAD
3182
RANJKOT
NULLAH
769
1725
THOTHA
1685
MAJHOI
GARHI DHAL
CHATTIAN
DOPATTA
CHATTAR KALAS
POWER HOUSE
757
967
ZAMINABAD
BARSALA
KOHALA BRIDGE
106
NEELUM JHELUM HYDROPOWER PROJECT
LOCATION
The project is located in the vicinity of Muzaffarabad, AJK.
Project is about 114 Km from Islamabad.
SALIENT FEATURES
Tunnel Length 2x15km:7.3mΦ
1x17km:9.6mΦ
Installed Capacity (MW) 969 MW
Units 4 x 242 MW
Annual Energy 5150 Billion units
Design Discharge 230 m3/sec
Gross Head 420 m
Cost of Project US$ 2.16 billion
Implementation Period 8 years
EIRR 25%
107
4. ECONOMIC COSTING OF WATER
INDICATORS
 Uneconomic Costing of Water leads to Inefficient Application of Water
 Great difference of water allowance among various provinces
 Opportunity Cost of Water use not balanced
 O&M Cost of Irrigation Water not met
 Subsidized Irrigation and Municipal Water leads to wastage – nearly
30% consumption of water for industries and municipal services
STRATEGIES
 Economic Water Costing / Water Metering to reflect scarcity
 Volumetric costing of water for efficient utilization/better yield
 Proper estimation and recovery of O&M
 Proper Monitoring of utilization of funds / Proforma based Audit
 Withdrawal of Subsidies to avoid distortion except for the poor
108

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WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

WATER ISSUES IN PAKISTAN

JUNE 29, 2010

(Cultivable land available if water is conserved)

2020 204 877 FAO (Falcón Mark Criteria)

WATER AVAILABILITY Vs POPULATION GROWTH

Punjab 37.07 18.87 55.94 34.16 18.66 52.82 -3.12 -5.6

Sindh 33.94 14.82 48.76 28.95 13.84 42.79 -5.97 -12.2

3.48 2.30 5.78 6.60

Balochistan 2.85 1.02 3.87 1.23 0.80 2.03 -1.84 -47.5

Total 77.34 37.01 117.35 68.42 35.81 104.23 -13.12 -11.18

Average Water Availability 2000 – 2010 105 MAF

NET WATER AVAILABLE FOR DEVELOPMENT 17.2

Source: WRMD WAPDA based on data supplied by Govt. of Sindh

(Current water shortage means little water for ecological needs)

2 Nile 47 1 132 281

3 Sutlej Beas 32 5 11.32 35

4 Yellow River 345 7 68.95 20

•* Run of River Total 12.67 8713 39618

READY FOR EXECUTION (MAF)

KURRAM TANGI – FATA (To be started 2011) 0.90

DIAMER-BHASHA – GB/KPK 6.40

SMALL/MEDIUM DAMS (Phase-I&II) 4.90

Feasibility Study completed. Appointment of

Capacity Project Cost

1675 1790 464

6 Diamer Basha 4500 6.50 661840

2121 4453 3306 2574

720 1440 1440

81000 108000 108000 108000 81000 54000

ROR* Run of River Detailed Design & Tender Pre - Construction

GDP contribution per M3 of Water (US$)

 Improvement in Water Management Techniques/Economic Water

• RAPIDLY INCREASING POPULATION – 172 Million (2010); 221 Million (2025)

• DEPLETING ON-LINE STORAGES – 26% Silted

• LARGE ESCAPAGES OF UNCONTROLLED FLOOD TO SEA – average 32 MAF

• EFFECTIVE RIVER REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF EXISTING

• NON-PERENNIAL CANALS WOULD BECOME PERENNIAL CANALS

• IMPROVEMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES

• Introduction of Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation

• Recycling of Effluent After Treatment

• Use of Saline Water for Agriculture

Ghazi Barotha Hydropower

Mirani Dam Project Rs. 5811 Million 0.152 -

Sabakzai Dam Project Rs. 2005 Million 0.147 -

Original 62553 Additional 644 GWh Substantially

2. 12829 17.4 59%

3. Original 2090 17.36 87%

Total 47645 2,864,400 / 570,690 Phase-I

HEIGHT: 30 FT. RAISING FROM 1234 FT TO 1264 FT

ADDITIONAL STORAGE: 2.88 MAF

POWER GENERATION: 644 GWH (PER ANNUM).

COMMENCEMENT DATE 20, JUNE 2004

COMPLETION DATE: 19, September 2007/ June 2009

APPROVING AUTHORITY Approved by ECNEC on 27.09.2003

TYPE: EARTH FILL (CLAYCORE)

HEIGHT OF DAM: 128 FT.

LENGTH OF DAM: 560 FT.

STORAGE GROSS : 0.093 MAF

STORAGE LIVE : 0.053 MAF

COMMAND AREA: 15536 ACRES (3102 + 12434)

POWER GENERATION: 17.3 MW / 105.51 GWh – FOR LOCAL USE

COMMENCEMENT DATE: APRIL 2003