typically used in mobile computing such as tablets, smartphones, smartwatches and netbooks as well as embedded systems and in applications where previously microcontrollers would be used. *Embedded systems *Personal computers *Mobile computing • SoC usage areas: In fact, SoC can be used anywhere that needs a computer and even can reach places the computer cannot: The most important of which are mobile devices and smartphones. Perhaps the current revolution that the Android system and Apple's constant attempt to overcome it with its IOS system increase the demand for these chips. All the Smartphone is currently dependent on SoC as the beating heart of it and with the rapid development we are witnessing now, companies designed for SoC are working hard to push it to the maximum Its limits in terms of energy efficiency down to the raw performance it provides. • Currently many things are being added to it: * PCI-Express interfaces * Graphic processors and others * SoC chips contain protocols for interconnecting these many components, such as AMM provided by ARM • SoC system in general contains: 1- A DSP Core processor, processor, or processor that contains more than one processor core. 2- Sectors of memory of all kinds. "These are of small sizes and do not make up for the need for additional external memory" 3- Clock pulse generators, including vibrators, which provide the basic frequency, and the PL L circuits responsible for doubling the frequency. 4- Surround circuits such as Counters, Timers, and RTC (Real Time Clock) circuits. 5- Interfaces to the chip and usually include the industry standards from USB, FireWire, Ethernet, USART, SPI and others 6- Similar interfaces as ADC (Analogue Digital Converter) and DAC (Digital Analogue Converter) 7- Voltage regulators and power consumption regulators. • : In fact, there are three basic ways to manufacture SoC, which are 1- Special design: i.e. soC is designed from scratch in terms of the distribution of logical gates and their association with each other and this method takes a long time and a great cost but in the end gives SoC distinct in all respects. 2- Design using ready-made boxes: In this way the SoC is assembled starting from its basic components and followed by terminals and this method results in some waste in the slide space. 3- Use of FPGA chips: These slides are integrated circuits of a special type these segments are programmable in order to give any circuit we want them and the design here will be easier as we said these segments have their own programming languages and perhaps the most famous vHDL, in all previous design cases are based on slides FPGA in the process of simulating the work of soc and capturing errors and problems before it is produced in the final commercial form A system-on-a-chip (SoC) is a microchip with • all the necessary electronic circuits and parts for a given system, such as a smartphone or wearable computer, on a single integrated circuit (IC) • types SOC: SoCs built around a microcontroller (μC) SoCs built around a microprocessor (μP), often found in mobile phones Specialized SoCs designed for specific applications that do not fit into the above two categories, and Programmable systems-on-chip (PSoC), where most functionality is fixed but some functionality is reprogrammable in a manner analogous to a field-programmable gate array. ?What does System on a Chip (SoC) mean
• A system on a chip (SoC) combines the required electronic
circuits of various computer components onto a single, integrated chip (IC). SoC is a complete electronic substrate system that may contain analog, digital, mixed-signal or radio frequency functions. Its components usually include a graphical processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU) that may be multi-core, and system memory (RAM). • Because SOC includes both the hardware and software, it uses less power, has better performance, requires less space and is more reliable than multi-chip systems. Most system-on-chips today come inside mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. • SoC stands for system on a chip. This is a chip/integrated circuit that holds many components of a computer—usually the CPU (via a microprocessor or microcontroller), memory, input/output (I/O) ports and secondary storage—on a single substrate, such as silicon. Having all of these components on one substrate means SoCs use less power and take up less space than their multi-chip counterparts. SoCs are becoming increasingly popular with the growth of Internet of Things and edge and mobile computing. Take, for example, Intel’s September 2018 acquisition of SoC firm Silicon Engineering Group and older acquisitions of Altera and others. • there are three different types of SoCs: • SoCs that use a microcontroller (a chip with the CPU, RAM, ROM and potentially other components). Example: Arduino boards • SoCs that use a microprocessor (a chip with a CPU only). Examples: SoCs for smartphones, like Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 845 (also used for virtual reality headsets) and the Apple A12 Bionic SoC used in the iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max and iPhone XR. Rasperry Pi and Intel's line of SoC FPGAs. • SoCs for specific applications, which may or may not use a microprocessor or microcontroller. This is known as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit).